Founded in 1941, The Glenmary Sisters embraced a calling to serve rural Appalachian communities where few Catholics resided. The sisters, many of them seeking alternatives to the choices available to most women during this time, zealously pursued their duties but soon became frustrated with the rules and restrictions of the Church. Outmoded doctrine—even styles of dress—made it difficult for them to interact with the very people they hoped to help. In 1967, after many unsuccessful attempts to persuade the Church to ease its requirements, some seventy Sisters left the security of convent life. Over forty of these women formed a secular service group, FOCIS (Federation of Communities in Service). Mountain Sisters is their story.
Retired sociologist Helen Lewis, one of the founding members of the Appalachian Studies Association, helped establish the Clinch River Educational Co-operative and the University without Walls. Monica Appleby, who joined the Glenmary Sisters in 1955, was the first president of FOCIS and is currently the director of the New Enterprises Fund.