Victor Hugo (1802-1885) was a French poet, novelist, and dramatist, widely regarded as one of the most important writers in French literature and a leading figure of Romanticism. His works, which include Les Misérables and The Hunchback of Notre-Dame, address themes of social injustice, human suffering, and the struggle for redemption, often set against the backdrop of historical events. Hugo’s writing combines a deep empathy for the marginalized with powerful critiques of political and social systems, capturing the complexities of human nature. He was also an outspoken advocate for social reform and a champion of freedom of expression, actively participating in the political arena of his time. He was a contemporary of Charles Dickens, whom he met in person.