In the second part, a set of chapters analyses the effective and specific complexities of the implementation of higher education policies in several countries, offering a wide variety of situations both in terms of duration of implementation, legal objectives, adequacy of causal theories underlying the reforms, adequacy of financial resources and degree of commitment of the main actors of the process. Some of these chapters use alternative theoretical frameworks developed since the 1986 Cerych and Sabatier theorization, to interpret the empirical results and some national cases do not fall into the scope of Cerych and Sabatier’s analysis. The national case studies are the following: Australia (2), Austria, Finland, Italy, Mexico, the Netherlands, Norway, Portugal, Spain, South Africa, Sweden, the United Kingdom, and the United States. This variety of national cases, drawn from the world of higher education, represents an updated collection of empirical material analysed from the perspective of new theoretical approaches to policy implementation.