Report on the Scientific Results of the Voyage of H.M.S. Challenger During the Years 1873-76 Under the Command of Captain George S. Nares ... and the Late Captain Frank Tourle Thomson, R.N.

Great Britain. Challenger Office‏

جنوری 1891 · H.M. Stationery Office

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The results of an expedition funded by the British Admiralty and the Royal Society, with the scientific objectives: "To investigate the physical conditions of the deep sea in the great ocean basins (as far as the neighborhood of the Great Southern Ice Barrier) in regard to depth, temperature, circulation, specific gravity and penetration of light; To determine the chemical composition of seawater at various depths from the surface to the bottom, the organic matter in solution and the particles in suspension; To ascertain the physical and chemical character of deep-sea deposits and the sources of these deposits; and To investigate the distribution of organic life at different depths and on the deep seafloor."