Richard Pipes┬аwas for many years a professor of history at Harvard University. He is the author of numerous books and essays on Russia, past and present, including┬аRussia Under the Bolshevik Regime. In 1981тАУ82 he served as President Reagan's National Security Council adviser on Soviet and East European affairs, and he has twice received a Guggenheim fellowship.┬аHe lives in Cambridge, Massachusetts, and Marlborough, New Hampshire.