SWAMI

RANJEET DESAI

Mar 2012 · MEHTA PUBLISHING HOUSE

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he Maratha (non Muslim) empire established in Maharashtra by Chhatrapati Shivaji Maharaj (d. 1680) against all odds later passed into the hands of the Peshwas (prime minister) who became the supreme lords. The Maratha Empire which stretched across a sizeable portion of Western, Central and Northern India suffered a severe setback when the Marathas lost the (Third) Battle of Panipat in 1761. It was an immense loss of men, money, and material. The then Peshwa Nanasaheb could not bear the brunt of the casualties which included his eldest son and younger brother, and soon passed away.
For the sixteen year old Madhavrao who succeeded Nanasaheb, it was not a piece of cake. The coffers were empty, the royal court was fraught with internal dissensions. Madhavrao could not go along with his uncle, Raghunathrao, who wanted to be the Peshwa, and went to any extent including looting his own subjects. The Nizam, Hyder, and the British had set their eyes on the Maratha empire.
Swami is based on the life and character of Madhavrao who resurrected the Maratha empire. He revived the lost glory and pride. The extent of the empire was now wider than before. He contained the enemy. Swami sketches the personal life of the Peshwa and specially poignant are the parts covering the discomfort he feels when Raghunathrao is a thorn in his flesh, and his untimely death. The novel throws light on the political, social and cultural history of the mid Peshwa era. The portrayal of the bond between Madhavrao and his wife, Ramabai, is a special feature.
Ranjit Desai (1928-1992) tackled the genre of novels with such ease that his collection includes all types of novels: historical, social, mythological, and biographical. He was also a playwright and has to his credit short stories.

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महाराष्ट्रातल्या जनतेला जिने मंत्रमुग्ध केले, अशी मराठी सारस्वतातील अजरामर साहित्यकृती.रणजित देसाई : मराठी साहित्याला समृद्ध करणारे थोर साहित्यिक. १९४६ साली 'भैरव' या कथेला लघुकथास्पर्धेत वाचकांकडून एकमुखाने पहिले पारितोषिक. १९५२ मध्ये 'रुपमहाल' हा पहिला कथासंग्रह प्रकाशित. त्यानंतर सातत्याने कथालेखन. ग्रामीण जीवनावरील व ऐतिहासिक व्यक्तिरेखांवरील लेखन अधिक रसरशीत. 'स्वामी'ला साहित्य अकादमी पुरस्कार प्राप्त. मराठीमध्ये अतिशय लोकप्रिय असलेली व रसिकमान्यता पावलेली रणजित देसाई यांची कादंबरी. थोरले माधवराव पेशवे यांचे राजकीय जीवन, कर्तृत्व आणि त्यांचे वैयक्तिक करुणगंभीर जीवन याचे अतिशय उदात्त व प्रभावी चित्रण स्वामीत केलेले आहे. इतिहास आणि साहित्य ह्याचे एवढे उर्जस्वल नि रोमहर्षक रसायन मराठी भाषेत आजतागायत कोणी निर्माण करू शकलेले नाही.कादंबरीतील अतिशय उठावदार आणि कलात्मक व्यक्तिरेखा आहेत, माधवराव, रमाबाई आणि राघोबादादा यांच्या. सद्गुणी आणि तेजस्वी कर्तव्यदक्ष माधवराव, स्वार्थी, भोळसट, राजद्रोही राघोबा आणि सोशिक, त्यागी, साध्वी रमाबाई या तिन्ही चरित्ररेखा वाचकांच्या मनांवर विलक्षण परिणाम करतात. थोरल्या माधवराव पेशव्यांची ही चरित्रगंगा वाचताना करुणेने मन भरून येते. उदात्ततेने भारावून जाते आणि पूर्वजांच्या अभिमानाने मान ताठही होते. स्वामी वाचून वाचक दिपून जातो. दिग्मूढ होतो. इतिहास आणि ललितकृती या दृष्टींनी रसोत्कट असलेली शोकात्मिक कादंबरी.