Selfhood and Rationality in Ancient Greek Philosophy: From Heraclitus to Plotinus

A. A. Long

ต.ค. 2022 · Oxford University Press

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A. A. Long presents fourteen essays on the themes of selfhood and rationality in ancient Greek philosophy. The discussion ranges over seven centuries of innovative thought, starting with Heraclitus' injunction to listen to the cosmic logos, and concluding with Plotinus' criticism of those who make embodiment essential to human identity. For the Greek philosophers the notion of a rational self was bound up with questions about divinity and happiness called eudaimonia, meaning a god-favoured life or a life of likeness to the divine. While these questions are remote from current thought, Long also situates the book's themes in modern discussions of the self and the self's normative relation to other people and the world at large. Ideas and behaviour attributed to Socrates and developed by Plato are at the book's centre. They are preceded by essays that explore general facets of the soul's rationality. Later chapters bring in salient contributions made by Aristotle and Stoic philosophers. All but one of these pieces has been previously published in periodicals or conference volumes, but the author has revised and updated everything. The book is written in a style that makes it accessible to many kinds of reader, not only professors and graduate students but also anyone interested in the history of our identity as rational animals.

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A. A. Long served as Professor of Classics at the University of California Berkeley from 1983-2013, where he continues to teach from time to time as an emeritus professor and affiliated professor of philosophy and rhetoric. Long's research is principally on ancient Greek, especially Hellenistic, philosophy. He is a fellow of the British Academy and the American Academy of Arts and Sciences.