Sintáctica y semántica en la gramática generativa

Noam Chomsky

1979년 1월 · Siglo XXI

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En contraste con el prejuicio secular de que la base de la gramática es la semántica, Chomsky ha destacado siempre la autonomía de la sintáctica respecto a la semántica y la independencia de la gramática respecto a otras facultades cognoscitivas. La tesis de que la gramática de una lengua natural es un sistema mental real es sin duda la más definitoria de la revolución chomskiana.

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Noam Avram Chomsky was born December 7, 1928, in Philadelphia. Son of a Russian emigrant who was a Hebrew scholar, Chomsky was exposed at a young age to the study of language and principles of grammar. During the 1940s, he began developing socialist political leanings through his encounters with the New York Jewish intellectual community. Chomsky received his Ph.D. from the University of Pennsylvania, where he studied linguistics, mathematics, and philosophy. He conducted much of his research at Harvard University. In 1955, he began teaching at MIT, eventually holding the Ferrari P. Ward Chair of Modern Language and Linguistics. Today Chomsky is highly regarded as both one of America's most prominent linguists and most notorious social critics and political activists. His academic reputation began with the publication of Syntactic Structures in 1957. Within a decade, he became known as an outspoken intellectual opponent of the Vietnam War. Chomsky has written many books on the links between language, human creativity, and intelligence, including Language and Mind (1967) and Knowledge of Language: Its Nature, Origin, and Use (1985). He also has written dozens of political analyses, including Manufacturing Consent: The Political Economy of the Mass Media (1988), Chronicles of Dissent (1992), and The Prosperous Few and the Restless Many (1993).