The Bonobo and the Atheist: In Search of Humanism Among the Primates

Frans de Waal

Mar 2013 · W. W. Norton & Company

About this eBook

In this lively and illuminating discussion of his landmark research, esteemed primatologist Frans de Waal argues that human morality is not imposed from above but instead comes from within. Moral behavior does not begin and end with religion but is in fact a product of evolution. For many years, de Waal has observed chimpanzees soothe distressed neighbors and bonobos share their food. Now he delivers fascinating fresh evidence for the seeds of ethical behavior in primate societies that further cements the case for the biological origins of human fairness. Interweaving vivid tales from the animal kingdom with thoughtful philosophical analysis, de Waal seeks a bottom-up explanation of morality that emphasizes our connection with animals. In doing so, de Waal explores for the first time the implications of his work for our understanding of modern religion. Whatever the role of religious moral imperatives, he sees it as a “Johnny-come-lately” role that emerged only as an addition to our natural instincts for cooperation and empathy.

But unlike the dogmatic neo-atheist of his book’s title, de Waal does not scorn religion per se. Instead, he draws on the long tradition of humanism exemplified by the painter Hieronymus Bosch and asks reflective readers to consider these issues from a positive perspective: What role, if any, does religion play for a well-functioning society today? And where can believers and nonbelievers alike find the inspiration to lead a good life?

Rich with cultural references and anecdotes of primate behavior, The Bonobo and the Atheist engagingly builds a unique argument grounded in evolutionary biology and moral philosophy. Ever a pioneering thinker, de Waal delivers a heartening and inclusive new perspective on human nature and our struggle to find purpose in our lives.

Ratings and reviews

Three unrelated essays, cut and pasted into a less than coherent book. The stuff on the bonobos is charming, and his love for them comes across clear and strong. There is a personal view of de Waal in his interest in the works of Bosch, which also has some interest. But I found the essay on his fellow atheists is ungenerous and inaccurate to the point of being a parody. It is worth chasing down his references for that part of the book. I don't think they mean anything like what de Waal claims they mean.

Very good book. Frans De Waal has a unique style, easy to follow and full of references. It is a piece of art. Many thanks to the author.

Amazing book. Ignore Jim Trice's review. This book is about animal morality and not specifically athiesm.

About the author

Frans de Waal (1948—2024), author of Mama's Last Hug, was C. H. Candler Professor Emeritus of Primate Behavior at Emory University and the former director of the Living Links Center at the Yerkes National Primate Research Center.