Marie-Henri Beyleย (23 January 1783 โ 23 March 1842), better known by hisย pen nameย Stendhal,ย was a 19th-century French writer. Best known for the novelsย Le Rouge et le Noirย (The Red and the Black, 1830) andย La Chartreuse de Parmeย (The Charterhouse of Parma, 1839), he is highly regarded for the acute analysis of his characters' psychology and considered one of the early and foremost practitioners ofย realism.