The Will to Believe and Other Essays in Popular Philosophy

William James

2007년 12월 · Project Gutenberg 1권 · Cosimo, Inc.

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Here, in one volume, are the collected essays of influential American philosopher WILLIAM JAMES (1842-1910), whose justifications of religious faith and explorations of questions of morality made him one of the most popular thinkers of the 19th century. In this volume, first published in book form in 1897, James ponders such conundrums as: . Is life worth living? . the sentiment of rationality . the dilemma of determinism . the moral philosopher and the moral life . great men and their environment . the importance of individuals . what psychical research has accomplished . and more. Readers of modern philosophy, students of Christian theology will find this an enlightening work

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William James, oldest of five children (including Henry James and Alice James) in the extraordinary James family, was born in New York City on January 11, 1842. He has had a far-reaching influence on writers and thinkers of the nineteenth and twentieth centuries. Broadly educated by private tutors and through European travel, James initially studied painting. During the Civil War, however, he turned to medicine and physiology, attended Harvard medical school, and became interested in the workings of the mind. His text, The Principles of Psychology (1890), presents psychology as a science rather than a philosophy and emphasizes the connection between the mind and the body. James believed in free will and the power of the mind to affect events and determine the future. In The Will to Believe (1897) and The Varieties of Religious Experience (1902), he explores metaphysical concepts and mystical experiences. He saw truth not as absolute but as relative, depending on the given situation and the forces at work in it. He believed that the universe was not static and orderly but ever-changing and chaotic. His most important work, Pragmatism (1907), examines the practical consequences of behavior and rejects the idealist philosophy of the transcendentalists. This philosophy seems to reinforce the tenets of social Darwinism and the idea of financial success as the justification of the means in a materialistic society; nevertheless, James strove to demonstrate the practical value of ethical behavior. Overall, James's lifelong concern with what he called the "stream of thought" or "stream of consciousness" changed the way writers conceptualize characters and present the relationship between humans, society, and the natural world. He died due to heart failure on August 26, 1910.