Type C Botulism Among Wild Birds: A Historical Sketch, Issues 110-120

Edwin Richard Kalmbach

1968 թ. հնվ · U.S. Department of the Interior, Fish and Wildlife Service, Bureau of Sport Fisheries and Wildlife

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About 1910, notice began to be taken of a disease among waterfowl in the western U.S.; in subsequent years great numbers of waterfowl were lost to "western duck sickness". It was suggested that the disease might be a form of "alkaline poisoning," but eventually the cause was recognized a toxin of the bacterium Clostridium botulinum type C. This sketch includes a number of references.