After the attack on Khobar Towers in June 1996, the DoD made significant improvements in protecting its service members, mainly in deterring, disrupting and mitigating terrorist attacks on installations. The attack on USS COLE, in the port of Aden, Yemen, on 12 October 2000, demonstrated a seam in the fabric of efforts to protect our forces, namely in-transit forces. This review focused on finding ways to improve the U.S. policies and practices for deterring, disrupting and mitigating terrorist attack on U.S. forces in transit. The net result of the USS COLE Commission┬┐s recommendations is a form of operational risk management applied at both the national and operational levels to balance the benefits with the risks of overseas operations.