Contents: The scale of the electronic chart -- Research plans and results to date from the US ECDIS test bed project -- The US Navy ECDIS development project -- Macsea, GIS and marine functions -- A step closer to official electronic navigation chart data, the Canadian hydrographic service experience -- GPS based attitude in US waters -- Updating - new methods for electronic charts -- Hydrographic officers and industry, competition or cooperation? -- ECDIS and ECS - the state of affairs between the two rivals.