An important work of early New Guinea anthropology, including a whole chapter devoted to the Aborigines of Melville Island, Port Essington (Cobourg Peninsula) and North Australia in general. There are numerous discussions of Australian Aborigines throughout the text, and one of the folding plates gives anthropometric comparisons between North Australian Aborigines and New Guineans. Earl lived at Port Essington for more than ten years, as the settlement grew from a meagre outpost in 1838 up until its abandonment in 1849 and became a widely published expert on the region. The fine full-page lithographs, produced in London, were based on drawings done on the spot by the Dutch artists Van Oort and Van Raalten.