China and Its Small Neighbors: The Political Economy of Asymmetry, Vulnerability, and Hedging

Sung Chull Kim

Mar 2023 · State University of New York Press

About this ebook

In China and Its Small Neighbors, Sung Chull Kim examines the political implications of the economic asymmetry between China and its small neighbors, part of wider changes in international relations brought about by the rise of China. While being critical of the current trend that focuses on the China-U.S. rivalry alone, Kim argues that a microanalysis of China's advances toward its neighbors is a guide to understanding the trajectory of China's expanding influence and transitions in world politics more broadly. Economic asymmetry—as seen in trade concentration, non-transparency, and reliance on bilateral aid—has made China's small neighbors vulnerable on the political front, thus generating potential threats to their sovereignty and independence. Because China has the upper hand in the bilateral relationships, these weak states practice dual-core hedging as a strategy for survival. They hedge on China for expected economic benefits and at the same time hedge against their powerful neighbor to mitigate the risks involved in that hedging-on. Each small state's mode of hedging depends on its degree of vulnerability and its availability of policy instruments such as multilateral institutions and bilateral partnerships with extra-regional powers.

About the author

Sung Chull Kim is Visiting Research Fellow at Seoul National University Institute for Peace and Unification Studies, where he also served as Humanities Korea Professor until retiring in 2021. His many books include Partnership within Hierarchy: The Evolving East Asian Security Triangle, also published by SUNY Press.