Hypernyms and Hyponyms: Vocabulary Building
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What are “Hypernyms and Hyponyms”?
HYPERNYM ----
[Hyper- Over; -Onym: Name]
Hypernym is a word that denotes a general category.
Hypernym [singular] | Hypernyms [plural]
Examples: game, bird, etc.
Hypernym is also called ‘Generic term’, ‘Super-ordinate’, ‘Super-type’, or ‘Superset’.
Derived terms related to ‘Hypernyms’:
Hypernymous
Words that are hypernyms are said to be hypernymous.
Hypernymy
The state of being a hypernym is called hypernymy.
HYPONYM ----
[Hypo- Under; -Onym: Name]
Hyponym is a word that denotes a particular item from a general category.
Hyponym [singular] | Hyponyms [plural]
Examples: football/hockey/cricket, eagle/peacock/sparrow, etc.
Hyponym is also called ‘Subordinate’, ‘Subtype’ or ‘Subset’.
Derived terms related to ‘Hyponyms’:
Hyponymous
Words that are hyponyms are said to be hyponymous.
Hyponymy
The state of being a hyponym is called hyponymy.
In the above examples, ‘game’ is the hypernym (or supertype) of ‘cricket’, ‘football’ and ‘hockey’.
‘Cricket’, ‘football’ and ‘hockey’ are hyponyms (or subtypes) of ‘game’.
Similarly, ‘bird’ is the hypernym (or supertype) of ‘eagle’, ‘peacock’ and ‘sparrow’.
‘Eagle’, ‘peacock’ and ‘sparrow’ are hyponyms (or subtypes) of ‘bird’.
IMPORTANT NOTE 1:
The relationship between hypernym and hyponym is termed as ‘is-a relationship’.
Pattern:
Hyponym + is-a/an + Hypernym
Example 1:
Hypernym: game
Hyponym: cricket, football, hockey
Cricket is a game.
Football is a game.
Hockey is a game.
Example 2:
Hypernym: bird
Hyponym: eagle, peacock, sparrow
Eagle is a bird.
Peacock is a bird.
Sparrow is a bird.
Hypernyms and Hyponyms -- A
Hypernym / Hyponym -- Example A1 --
Hypernym -- acid
Hyponyms -- amino acid / ascetic acid / ascorbic acid / boric acid / carbonic acid / citric acid / hydrochloric acid / hydrofluoric acid / lactic acid / nitric acid / nucleic acid / oxalic acid / phosphoric acid / sulfuric (sulphuric) acid
Hypernym / Hyponym -- Example A2 --
Hypernym -- account
Hyponyms -- budget account / checking account / current account / deposit account / savings account
Hypernym / Hyponym -- Example A3 --
Hypernym -- affix
Hyponyms -- prefix / suffix
Hypernym / Hyponym -- Example A4 --
Hypernym -- African
Hyponyms -- Algerian / Congolese / Egyptian / Kenyan / Liberian / Libyan / Moroccan / Senegalese / Sudanese / Ugandan
Hypernym / Hyponym -- Example A5 --
Hypernym -- algae
Hyponyms -- anabaena / cowstail / cuvie / dabbylocks / featherweed / flans / grapestone / gulf weed / honeyware / laver / liadhaig / murlins / nostoc / pod weed / pompon / oscillatoria / rockweed / seaweed / thong weed / watersilk
Hypernym / Hyponym -- Example A6 --
Hypernym -- age [a particular period of history
Hyponyms -- bronze age / iron age / new age / stone age
Hypernym / Hyponym -- Example A7 --
Hypernym -- agent
Hyponyms -- double agent / estate agent / land agent / press agent / secret agent / special agent / travel agent
Hypernym / Hyponym -- Example A08 --
Hypernym -- alloy
Hyponyms -- amalgam / billon / brass / bronze / iron / magnalium / megallium / nichrome / scandium / solder / steel / stellite
Hypernym / Hyponym -- Example A09 --
Hypernym -- amphibian
Hyponyms -- frog / salamander / toad
Hypernym / Hyponym -- Example A10 --
Hypernym -- angle
Hyponyms -- acute angle / adjacent angle / exterior angle / interior angle / obtuse angle / reflex angle / right angle
