์˜์–ด๊ณ ์ „1017 ํ”Œ๋ผํ†ค์˜ ๋ฉ”๋„ฅ์„ธ๋…ธ์Šค(English Classics1017 Menexenus by Plato)

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โ–ถ ํ”Œ๋ผํ†ค์˜ ๋ฉ”๋„ฅ์„ธ๋…ธ์Šค(Menexenus by Plato)๋Š” ํ”Œ๋ผํ†ค(Plato, BC427?~BC347?)์˜ ์ค‘๊ธฐ ๋Œ€ํ™”ํŽธ(Plato's Middle Dialogues)์— ์†ํ•˜๋Š” ์ž‘ํ’ˆ์œผ๋กœ ๊ทธ์˜ ์Šค์Šน ์†Œํฌ๋ผํ…Œ์Šค(Socrates, BC470?~BC399)๊ฐ€ ์ „ํˆฌ์—์„œ ์ฃฝ์€ ์•„ํ…Œ๋„ค ๊ตฐ์ธ๋“ค์„ ๊ธฐ๋ฆฌ๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•ด ์žฅ๋ก€์‹์—์„œ ํ–‰ํ•ด์ง€๋Š” ์ „ํ†ต์ ์ธ ์—ฐ์„ค์˜ ํ˜•์‹์„ ์ทจํ•œ ์ž‘ํ’ˆ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์†Œํฌ๋ผํ…Œ์Šค์˜ ์—ฐ์„ค์€ ์žฅ๋ก€์‹์—์„œ ํ–‰ํ•ด์ง€๋Š” ์ „ํ†ต์ ์ธ ์—ฐ์„ค์„ ํŒจ๋Ÿฌ๋””ํ•˜์˜€์œผ๋ฉฐ, ์—ญ์‚ฌ์  ๋ถ€์ •ํ™•์„ฑ๊ณผ ๊ณผ์žฅ์œผ๋กœ ๊ฐ€๋“ ์ฐจ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ํ…Œ๋งˆ์—ฌํ–‰์‹ ๋ฌธ TTN Korea ์˜์–ด๊ณ ์ „(English Classics)๊ณผ ํ•จ๊ป˜ ์–ด์ œ๋„, ์˜ค๋Š˜๋„, ๋‚ด์ผ๋„ ๋ฉ‹์ง„ ๋ฌธํ•™์—ฌํ–‰์„! B

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โ–ถ "I shall praise the dead, and say of them what I myself believe to be true. And what higher praise can I give to any man than to say that he governed our state justly, and lived a life of piety towards the gods and holiness towards man?" โ–ท "๋‚˜๋Š” ์ฃฝ์€ ์ž๋ฅผ ์ฐฌ์–‘ํ•˜๊ณ  ๊ทธ๋“ค์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ๋‚ด๊ฐ€ ์˜ณ๋‹ค๊ณ  ๋ฏฟ๋Š” ๋ฐ”๋ฅผ ๋งํ•  ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์–ด๋–ค ์‚ฌ๋žŒ์—๊ฒŒ ๊ทธ๊ฐ€ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ ๊ตญ๊ฐ€๋ฅผ ์ •์˜๋กญ๊ฒŒ ๋‹ค์Šค๋ ธ๊ณ  ์‹ ๊ณผ ๊ฑฐ๋ฃฉํ•จ์„ ํ–ฅํ•œ ๊ฒฝ๊ฑดํ•œ ์‚ถ์„ ์‚ด์•˜๋‹ค๊ณ  ๋งํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ๋ณด๋‹ค ๋” ํฐ ์นญ์ฐฌ์„ ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์„๊นŒ์š”? ๋‚จ์ž ์ชฝ์œผ๋กœ?โ€œ

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โ–ถ ์†Œํฌ๋ผํ…Œ์Šค๋Š” ํŽ˜๋ฆฌํด๋ ˆ์Šค์˜ ์—ฌ์ฃผ์ธ ์•„์ŠคํŒŒ์‹œ์•„(Aspasia, BC470~BC428?)์—๊ฒŒ์„œ ๋ฐฐ์› ๋‹ค๊ณ  ์ฃผ์žฅํ•˜๋Š” ํ•œ ์—ฌ์„ฑ์œผ๋กœ๋ถ€ํ„ฐ ์—ฐ์„ค์„ ๋ถ€ํƒ๋ฐ›์•˜๋‹ค๊ณ  ๊ตณ์ด ์„ค๋ช…ํ•˜๋ฉฐ ์„œ๋‘๋ฅผ ์—ฝ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๋Š” ์•„ํ…Œ๋„ค์ธ๋“ค์„ ์นญ์ฐฌํ•˜๊ณ  ๊ทธ๋“ค์˜ ๊ตฐ์‚ฌ์  ์—…์ ์„ ์ฐฌ์–‘ํ•˜๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•œ ์—ฐ์„ค์„ ์ง€์†ํ•˜์ฃ . ์—ฐ์„ค ๋‚ด๋‚ด ์†Œํฌ๋ผํ…Œ์Šค๋Š” ์•„ํ…Œ๋„ค๊ฐ€ ์„ธ๊ณ„์—์„œ ๊ฐ€์žฅ ์œ„๋Œ€ํ•œ ๋„์‹œ์ด๋ฉฐ ๊ทธ ์‹œ๋ฏผ์ด ๊ฐ€์žฅ ๊ณ ๊ฒฐํ•˜๊ณ  ์˜์›…์ ์ธ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์ด๋ผ๋Š” ์ƒ๊ฐ์„ ๋ฐ˜๋ณตํ•ด์„œ ๊ฐ•์กฐํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๋Š” ๋˜ํ•œ ์•„ํ…Œ๋„ค์ธ๋“ค์ด ์ „ํˆฌ์—์„œ ์Šน๋ฆฌํ•œ ๊ฒƒ์€ ๊ทธ๋“ค์˜ ์ฒด๋ ฅ์ด๋‚˜ ๊ตฐ์‚ฌ์  ์šฉ๋งน๋ณด๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ทธ๋“ค์˜ ๋›ฐ์–ด๋‚œ ์ง€์„ฑ๊ณผ ์ง€ํ˜œ์˜ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ๋ผ๊ณ  ์ฃผ์žฅํ•˜์ง€์š”. ๊ทธ๋Ÿฌ๋‚˜ ์—ฐ์„ค์ด ์ง„ํ–‰๋จ์— ๋”ฐ๋ผ ์†Œํฌ๋ผํ…Œ์Šค๊ฐ€ ์ž์‹ ์˜ ์ฃผ์žฅ์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ์ง„์ง€ํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ด ๋ถ„๋ช…ํ•ด์ง€๋Š”๋ฐ...?! ๊ณผ์—ฐ ๊ทธ์˜ ์ง„์ •ํ•œ ์˜๋„๋Š” ๋ฌด์—‡์ผ๊นŒ์š”? ์†Œํฌ๋ผํ…Œ์Šค๋Š” ์ฒญ์ค‘๋“ค์—๊ฒŒ ์ž์ฃผ ๋ชจ์ˆœ๋˜๊ณ , ๋ฌด์˜๋ฏธํ•œ ์ง„์ˆ ์„ ํ•˜๊ณ , ์ „ํ†ต์ ์ธ ์žฅ๋ก€์‹์„ ์กฐ๋กฑํ•˜๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•ด ์œ ๋จธ๋Ÿฌ์Šคํ•œ ์ผํ™”๋ฅผ ์†Œ๊ฐœํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.

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โ–ถ "Let this, then, be my praise of the Athenians, and, speaking as one who knows, I declare that all other nations are as nothing in comparison with them." โ–ท "๊ทธ๋Ÿฌ๋ฉด ์ด๊ฒƒ์ด ์•„ํ…Œ๋„ค์ธ์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ๋‚˜์˜ ์ฐฌ์–‘์ด ๋˜๊ฒŒ ํ•˜์‹œ๊ณ , ์•„๋Š” ์‚ฌ๋žŒ์œผ๋กœ์„œ ๋งํ•˜๋…ธ๋‹ˆ, ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ๋ชจ๋“  ๋ฏผ์กฑ์€ ๊ทธ๋“ค์— ๋น„ํ•˜๋ฉด ์•„๋ฌด๊ฒƒ๋„ ์•„๋‹ˆ๋ผ๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„ ์„ ์–ธํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค."

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โ–ถ ๊ฒฐ๊ตญ ์†Œํฌ๋ผํ…Œ์Šค๋Š” ์ž์‹ ์˜ ์—ฐ์„ค์ด ์ž์‹ ์˜ ๊ฒƒ์ด ์•„๋‹ˆ๋ผ ์•„์ŠคํŒŒ์‹œ์•„์™€ ๊ทธ๋…€์˜ ํ•™์ƒ๋“ค์˜ ์ž‘ํ’ˆ์ž„์„ ๋ฐํž™๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๋Ÿฐ ๋‹ค์Œ ๊ทธ๋Š” ์•„ํ…Œ๋„ค์ธ๋“ค์ด ๋ง๋กœ๋งŒ ์ž๋ž‘ํ•  ๊ฒƒ์ด ์•„๋‹ˆ๋ผ ์‹ค์ œ ๋ฏธ๋•๊ณผ ๋Šฅ๋ ฅ์„ ํ–ฅ์ƒ์‹œํ‚ค๋Š” ๋ฐ ์ง‘์ค‘ํ•ด์•ผ ํ•œ๋‹ค๊ณ  ์กฐ์–ธํ•˜๋ฉฐ ๋งˆ๋ฌด๋ฆฌํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋ฉ”๋„ฅ์„ธ๋…ธ์Šค(Menexenus by Plato)๋Š” ์•„ํ…Œ๋„ค ์‚ฌํšŒ์˜ ๊ด€์Šต์ ์ธ ๊ด€ํ–‰, ํŠนํžˆ ์ž์‹ ์˜ ์—…์ ์„ ๋ฏธํ™”ํ•˜๊ณ  ๊ณตํ—ˆํ•œ ์ˆ˜์‚ฌ์— ๊ด€์—ฌํ•˜๋Š” ๊ณผ๋„ํ•œ ๊ฒฝํ–ฅ์„ ๋น„ํŒํ•˜๋Š” ํ’์ž ์ž‘ํ’ˆ์œผ๋กœ ํ‰๊ฐ€๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.

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โ–ถ "And I think that if you will go through my speech, you will find that although I have not said anything very wise, yet I have said something true, and that you will be better and braver men for having listened to me." โ–ท "๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ๋‹น์‹ ์ด ๋‚ด ์—ฐ์„ค์„ ์ญ‰ ํ›‘์–ด๋ณด๋ฉด, ๋น„๋ก ๋‚ด๊ฐ€ ์•„์ฃผ ํ˜„๋ช…ํ•œ ๋ง์„ ํ•œ ๊ฒƒ์€ ์•„๋‹ˆ์ง€๋งŒ, ๋‚˜๋Š” ์ง„์‹คํ•œ ๋ง์„ ํ–ˆ๊ณ , ๋‹น์‹ ์ด ๋‚ด ๋ง์„ ๋“ค์—ˆ๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์— ๋” ํ›Œ๋ฅญํ•˜๊ณ  ์šฉ๊ฐํ•œ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ์ด ๋  ๊ฒƒ์ž„์„ ์•Œ๊ฒŒ ๋  ๊ฒƒ์ด๋ผ๊ณ  ์ƒ๊ฐํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค."

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โ–ถ ์Šค์Šน ์†Œํฌ๋ผํ…Œ์Šค๋ฅผ ์œ„ํ•œ ์ฐฌ๊ฐ€, ํ”Œ๋ผํ†ค์˜ ๋Œ€ํ™”ํŽธ(Plato's Dialogues) : ๋ถ€์œ ํ•œ ๋ถ€๋ชจ๋ฅผ ๋‘” ํ”Œ๋ผํ†ค์€ ๋‹น์‹œ ์•„ํ…Œ๋„ค์—์„œ ์„ ํ’์ ์ธ ์ธ๊ธฐ๋ฅผ ๋Œ๋˜ ๋น„๊ทน ๊ฒฝ์—ฐ๋Œ€ํšŒ์— ์ฐธ์„ํ•˜๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•ด ์ง์ ‘ ๋น„๊ทน์„ ์ง‘ํ•„ํ•˜์˜€์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๋Ÿฌ๋˜ ์ค‘ ๋””์˜ค๋‹ˆ์†Œ์Šค ๊ทน์žฅ ์•ž์—์„œ ์ž์‹ ๋งŒ์˜ ๋ฌธ๋‹ต๋ฒ•์œผ๋กœ ์•„ํ…Œ๋„ค ์‹œ๋ฏผ๋“ค์—๊ฒŒ ๊นจ๋‹ฌ์Œ์„ ์ „๋‹ฌํ•˜๋Š” ์†Œํฌ๋ผํ…Œ์Šค๋ฅผ ๋งŒ๋‚ฌ๊ณ , ์ด๋Š” ์ฒญ๋…„ ํ”Œ๋ผํ†ค์—๊ฒŒ ํฐ ์ถฉ๊ฒฉ์„ ์ฃผ์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ธ‰๊ธฐ์•ผ ์ž์‹ ์˜ ์ž‘ํ’ˆ์„ ๋ชจ๋‘ ๋ถˆํƒœ์›Œ ๋ฒ„๋ฆฐ ํ›„ ์†Œํฌ๋ผํ…Œ์Šค์˜ ์ œ์ž๋กœ ์ž…๋ฌธํ•˜์˜€์œผ๋ฉฐ, ํ›—๋‚  ์†Œํฌ๋ผํ…Œ์Šค๋ฅผ ์ฃผ์ธ๊ณต์œผ๋กœ ํ•˜๋Š” 30์—ฌ ํŽธ์˜ โ€˜ํ”Œ๋ผํ†ค์˜ ๋Œ€ํ™”ํŽธโ€™์„ ํ†ตํ•ด ์Šค์Šน์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ์กด๊ฒฝ์‹ฌ์„ ํ‘œํ˜„ํ•˜์˜€์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ด๋Š” ๊ทธ์˜ ์ œ์ž ์•„๋ฆฌ์Šคํ† ํ…”๋ ˆ์Šค๊ฐ€ ์Šค์Šน ํ”Œ๋ผํ†ค์„ ๋น„ํŒํ•จ์œผ๋กœ์จ ์ž์‹ ์˜ ์ฒ ํ•™์„ ๋‹ค๋“ฌ์–ด ๊ฐ„ ๊ฒƒ๊ณผ๋Š” ๋Œ€์กฐ๋˜๋Š” ๋Œ€๋ชฉ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์†Œํฌ๋ผํ…Œ์Šค๊ฐ€ ํ”Œ๋ผํ†ค์„ ๋งŒ๋‚˜๊ธฐ ์ „์— ๊พธ์—ˆ๋‹ค๋Š” โ€˜๋ฐฑ์กฐ ๊ฟˆโ€™ ์ผํ™”๋„ ์œ ๋ช…ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๋Š” ์–ด๋А ๋‚  ๋ฌด๋ฆŽ์— ์•‰ํ˜€ ๋†“์•˜๋˜ ๋ฐฑ์กฐ๊ฐ€ ๊ฐ‘์ž๊ฐ€ ํ•˜๋Š˜๋กœ ๋‚ ์•„๊ฐ€ ๋ฒ„๋ฆฌ๋Š” ๊ฟˆ์„ ๊พธ์—ˆ๋Š”๋ฐโ€ฆโ€ฆ. ํ”Œ๋ผํ†ค์„ ๋งŒ๋‚˜์ž ๋†€๋ผ์›€์„ ๊ธˆ์น˜ ๋ชปํ•˜์˜€์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์•„๋‹ˆ, ์ž๋„ค๊ฐ€ ๋ฐ”๋กœ ๊ทธ ๋ฐฑ์กฐ๋กœ๊ตฐ!!

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โ–ถ SOCRATES: O Menexenus! Death in battle is certainly in many respects a noble thing. The dead man gets a fine and costly funeral, although he may have been poor, and an elaborate speech is made over him by a wise man who has long ago prepared what he has to say, although he who is praised may not have been good for much.

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โ–ท ์†Œํฌ๋ผํ…Œ์Šค : ์˜ค ๋ฉ”๋„ฅ์„ธ๋…ธ์Šค! ์ „ํˆฌ์—์„œ์˜ ์ฃฝ์Œ์€ ๋งŽ์€ ๋ฉด์—์„œ ํ™•์‹คํžˆ ์ˆญ๊ณ ํ•œ ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ฃฝ์€ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ์€ ๋น„๋ก ๊ฐ€๋‚œํ–ˆ์„์ง€๋ผ๋„, ๋ฒŒ๊ธˆ๊ณผ ๋น„์šฉ์ด ๋งŽ์ด ๋“œ๋Š” ์žฅ๋ก€์‹์„ ์น˜๋ฅด๊ฒŒ ๋˜๊ณ , ์นญ์ฐฌ๋ฐ›๋Š” ์‚ฌ๋žŒ์€ ๋ณ„๋กœ ์ข‹์ง€ ์•Š์•˜์„์ง€๋ผ๋„, ์˜ค๋ž˜ ์ „์— ํ•  ๋ง์„ ์ค€๋น„ํ•œ ํ˜„์ž์— ์˜ํ•ด ๊ทธ์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ์ •๊ตํ•œ ์—ฐ์„ค์ด ์ด๋ฃจ์–ด์ง‘๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.

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โ–ถ The speakers praise him for what he has done and for what he has not doneโ€”that is the beauty of themโ€”and they steal away our souls with their embellished words; in every conceivable form they praise the city; and they praise those who died in war, and all our ancestors who went before us; and they praise ourselves also who are still alive, until I feel quite elevated by their laudations, and I stand listening to their words, Menexenus, and become enchanted by them, and all in a moment I imagine myself to have become a greater and nobler and finer man than I was before.

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โ–ท ์—ฐ์‚ฌ๋“ค์€ ๊ทธ๊ฐ€ ํ•œ ์ผ๊ณผ ํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š์€ ์ผ, ๊ทธ๊ฒƒ์ด ๊ทธ๋“ค์˜ ์•„๋ฆ„๋‹ค์›€์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ๊ทธ๋ฅผ ์ฐฌ์–‘ํ•˜๊ณ , ๊ทธ๋“ค์€ ๊ทธ๋“ค์˜ ์œค์ƒ‰๋œ ๋ง๋กœ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ์˜ ์˜ํ˜ผ์„ ํ›”์นฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๋“ค์€ ์ƒ๊ฐํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š” ๋ชจ๋“  ํ˜•ํƒœ๋กœ ๊ทธ ๋„์‹œ๋ฅผ ์ฐฌ์–‘ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ๊ทธ๋“ค์€ ์ „์Ÿ์—์„œ ์ฃฝ์€ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค๊ณผ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ ์•ž์— ๊ฐ„ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ์˜ ๋ชจ๋“  ์กฐ์ƒ๋“ค์„ ์ฐฌ์–‘ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ๊ทธ๋“ค์€ ๋˜ํ•œ ๋‚ด๊ฐ€ ํ•  ๋•Œ๊นŒ์ง€ ์‚ด์•„ ์žˆ๋Š” ์šฐ๋ฆฌ ์ž์‹ ์„ ์ฐฌ์–‘ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๋“ค์˜ ์นญ์ฐฌ์— ๊ฝค๋‚˜ ๊ฒฉ์•™๋œ ๊ธฐ๋ถ„์ด ๋“ค๋ฉฐ, ์ €๋Š” ๊ทธ๋“ค์˜ ๋ง์„ ๋“ฃ๊ณ , ๋ฉ”๋„ฅ์„ธ๋…ธ์Šค์— ๋งค๋ฃŒ๋˜๊ณ , ํ•œ์ˆœ๊ฐ„์— ์ €๋Š” ์ œ ์ž์‹ ์ด ์ „๋ณด๋‹ค ๋” ์œ„๋Œ€ํ•˜๊ณ  ๊ณ ๊ท€ํ•˜๊ณ  ํ›Œ๋ฅญํ•œ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ์ด ๋˜์—ˆ๋‹ค๊ณ  ์ƒ์ƒํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.

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โ–ถ The country is worthy to be praised, not only by us, but by all mankind; first, and above all, as being dear to the Gods. This is proved by the strife and contention of the Gods respecting her. And ought not the country which the Gods praise to be praised by all mankind? The second praise which may be fairly claimed by her, is that at the time when the whole earth was sending forth and creating diverse animals, tame and wild, she our mother was free and pure from savage monsters, and out of all animals selected and brought forth man, who is superior to the rest in understanding, and alone has justice and religion.

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โ–ท ์กฐ๊ตญ์€ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ ๋ฟ ์•„๋‹ˆ๋ผ ์ „ ์ธ๋ฅ˜์˜ ์ฐฌ์‚ฌ๋ฅผ ๋ฐ›์„ ๋งŒํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋ฌด์—‡๋ณด๋‹ค๋„ ์‹ ์—๊ฒŒ ์‚ฌ๋ž‘๋ฐ›๋Š” ์กด์žฌ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ด๊ฒƒ์€ ๊ทธ๋…€์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ์‹ ๋“ค์˜ ํˆฌ์Ÿ๊ณผ ๋‹คํˆผ์œผ๋กœ ์ฆ๋ช…๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์‹ ๋“ค์ด ์ฐฌ์–‘ํ•˜๋Š” ๋‚˜๋ผ๋Š” ์˜จ ์ธ๋ฅ˜๊ฐ€ ์ฐฌ์–‘ํ•ด์•ผ ํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š๊ฒ ์Šต๋‹ˆ๊นŒ? ๊ทธ๋…€๊ฐ€ ์ •๋‹นํ•˜๊ฒŒ ์ฃผ์žฅํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š” ๋‘ ๋ฒˆ์งธ ์นญ์ฐฌ์€ ์˜จ ๋•…์ด ๋‹ค์–‘ํ•œ ๋™๋ฌผ, ๊ธธ๋“ค์ธ ๋™๋ฌผ๊ณผ ์•ผ์ƒ ๋™๋ฌผ์„ ๋‚ด๋ณด๋‚ด๊ณ  ์ฐฝ์กฐํ–ˆ์„ ๋•Œ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ ์–ด๋จธ๋‹ˆ๋Š” ์•ผ๋งŒ์ ์ธ ๊ดด๋ฌผ๋กœ๋ถ€ํ„ฐ ์ž์œ ๋กญ๊ณ  ์ˆœ์ˆ˜ํ–ˆ์œผ๋ฉฐ, ์„ ํƒ๋œ ๋ชจ๋“  ๋™๋ฌผ ์ค‘์—์„œ ์ดํ•ด๋ ฅ์ด ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ์ด๋“ค๋ณด๋‹ค ๋›ฐ์–ด๋‚˜๊ณ  ์ •์˜์™€ ์ข…๊ต๋ฅผ ๊ฐ€์ง„ ์œ ์ผํ•œ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ์„ ๋‚ณ์•˜์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.




-๋ชฉ์ฐจ(Index)-

โ–ถ ํ”„๋กค๋กœ๊ทธ(Prologue). ํ…Œ๋งˆ์—ฌํ–‰์‹ ๋ฌธ TTN Korea ์˜์–ด๊ณ ์ „(English Classics) 1,999์„ ์„ ์ฝ์–ด์•ผ ํ•˜๋Š” 7๊ฐ€์ง€ ์ด์œ 

โ–ถ 14๊ฐ€์ง€ ํ‚ค์›Œ๋“œ๋กœ ์ฝ๋Š” ํ”Œ๋ผํ†ค(Plato, BC427?~BC347?)

01. โ€œ์„œ์–‘ ์ฒ ํ•™์€ ๋ชจ๋‘ ํ”Œ๋ผํ†ค์˜ ๊ฐ์ฃผ์— ๋ถˆ๊ณผํ•˜๋‹ค.โ€(โ€œIt consists of a series of footnotes to Plato.)โ€ ft. ์•Œํ”„๋ ˆ๋“œ ๋…ธ์Šค ํ™”์ดํŠธํ—ค๋“œ(Alfred North Whitehead, 1861~1947)

02. ํ”Œ๋ผํ†ค์ฃผ์˜(Platonism)์˜ ์ฐฝ์‹œ์ž

03. ์„œ์–‘ ์ตœ์ดˆ ๊ณ ๋“ฑ ๊ต์œก ๊ธฐ๊ด€(The first institution of higher learning in the Western world) ์•„์นด๋ฐ๋ฉ”์ด์•„(Akadฤ“meรญฤ) ์„ค๋ฆฝ์ž

04. ํ”Œ๋ผํ†ค์˜ ๋Œ€ํ™”ํŽธ(Plato's Dialogues)

05. ๊ตญ๊ฐ€๋ก (The Republic, BC375)

06. ๋‹จ๋ˆ 20๋ฏธ๋‚˜(Twenty Minas)์— ๋…ธ์˜ˆ๋กœ ํŒ”๋ฆฐ ๋Œ€ํ•™์ž

07. ๋ฐ”ํ‹ฐ์นธ ๋ผํŒŒ์—˜๋กœ(Raffaello Sanzio da Urbino)์˜ ์•„ํ…Œ๋„ค ํ•™๋‹น(Scuola di Atene, 1511)

08. ์ฒ ํ•™์ž ํ”Œ๋ผํ†ค์˜ ์‚ฌ๋ž‘?! ํ”Œ๋ผํ† ๋‹‰ ๋Ÿฌ๋ธŒ(Platonic Love)

09. ์ •๋‹ค๋ฉด์ฒด(ๆญฃๅคš้ข้ซ”, Platonic Solid)

10. ํ”Œ๋ผํ†ค์˜ ํ„ฑ์ˆ˜์—ผ(Plato's Beard)

11. ํ”Œ๋ผํ†ค์˜ ๋ฌธ์ œ(Plato's Problem) VS ์˜ค์›ฐ์˜ ๋ฌธ์ œ(Orwellโ€™s Problem)

12. ๊ทธ๋ฆฌ์Šค ์Šค์นด์ด TV(Skai TV) ์œ„๋Œ€ํ•œ ๊ทธ๋ฆฌ์Šค์ธ 100์ธ(100 Greatest Greeks)(2009) 9์œ„

13. ์˜ค๋””์˜ค๋ถ(Audio Books)์œผ๋กœ ๋“ฃ๋Š” ํ”Œ๋ผํ†ค(Plato)

14. ํ”Œ๋ผํ†ค(Plato) ์–ด๋ก(Quotes)(199)

โ–ถ ํ”Œ๋ผํ†ค์˜ ๋ฉ”๋„ฅ์„ธ๋…ธ์Šค(Menexenus by Plato)

Appendix I.

โ–ท Menexenus

Introduction.

Persons of The Dialogue: Socrates And Menexenus.

โ–ถ ๋ถ€๋ก(Appendix). ์„ธ๊ณ„์˜ ๊ณ ์ „์„ ์—ฌํ–‰ํ•˜๋Š” ํžˆ์น˜ํ•˜์ด์ปค๋ฅผ ์œ„ํ•œ ์•ˆ๋‚ด์„œ(The Hitchhiker's Guide to Worlds's Classics)

A01. ํ•˜๋ฒ„๋“œ ์„œ์ (Harvard Book Store) ์ง์› ์ถ”์ฒœ ๋„์„œ 100์„ (Staff's Favorite 100 Books) & ํŒ๋งค๋„์„œ 100์œ„(Top 100 Books)

A02. ์„œ์šธ๋Œ€(Seoul University) ๊ถŒ์žฅ๋„์„œ 100

A03. ์—ฐ์„ธ๋Œ€(Yonsei University) ํ•„๋…๋„์„œ ๊ณ ์ „ 200์„ 

A04. ๊ณ ๋ ค๋Œ€(Korea University) ์„ธ์ข…์บ ํผ์Šค ๊ถŒ์žฅ๋„์„œ 100์„ 

A05. ์„œ์šธ๋Œ€ยท์—ฐ์„ธ๋Œ€ยท๊ณ ๋ ค๋Œ€(SKY University) ๊ณตํ†ต ๊ถŒ์žฅ๋„์„œ 60๊ถŒ

A06. ์„ฑ๊ท ๊ด€๋Œ€(Sungkyunkwan University) ์˜ค๊ฑฐ์„œ(ไบ”่ปŠๆ›ธ) ์„ฑ๊ท  ๊ณ ์ „ 100์„ 

A07. ๊ฒฝํฌ๋Œ€(Kyung Hee University) ํ›„๋งˆ๋‹ˆํƒ€์Šค ์นผ๋ฆฌ์ง€(Humanitas College) ๊ต์–‘ํ•„๋…์„œ 100์„ 

A08. ํฌ์Šคํ…(ํฌํ•ญ๊ณต๋Œ€, POSTECH) ๊ถŒ์žฅ๋„์„œ 100์„ 

A09. ์นด์ด์ŠคํŠธ(KAIST) ๋…์„œ๋งˆ์ผ๋ฆฌ์ง€์ œ ์ถ”์ฒœ๋„์„œ 100๊ถŒ

A10. ๋ฌธํ•™์ƒ(Literary Awards) ์ˆ˜์ƒ์ž‘ ๋ฐ ์ถ”์ฒœ๋„์„œ(44)

A11. ์˜์–ด๊ณ ์ „(English Classics) ์˜ค๋””์˜ค๋ถ์„ ๋ฌด๋ฃŒ๋กœ ๋“ฃ๋Š” 5๊ฐ€์ง€ ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•(How to listen to FREE audio Books legally?)

A12. ์˜ํ™”ยท๋“œ๋ผ๋งˆ๋กœ ๋งŒ๋‚˜๋Š” ์˜์–ด๊ณ ์ „(Movies and TV Shows Based on English Classic Books)

โ–ถ ํ…Œ๋งˆ์—ฌํ–‰์‹ ๋ฌธ TTN Korea ์˜์–ด๊ณ ์ „(English Classics) 1,999์„ 

โ–ถ ํ…Œ๋งˆ์—ฌํ–‰์‹ ๋ฌธ TTN Korea ๋„์„œ๋ชฉ๋ก(1,838)




โ–ถ ํ…Œ๋งˆ์—ฌํ–‰์‹ ๋ฌธ TTN Korea ์˜์–ด๊ณ ์ „(English Classics) 1,999์„ 

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ํ…Œ๋งˆ์—ฌํ–‰์‹ ๋ฌธ TTN Korea ์˜์–ด๊ณ ์ „(English Classics) 1,999์„ ์€ ์ˆ˜๋ฐฑ ๋…„์˜ ์„ธ์›”์—๋„ ๋ณ€์น˜ ์•Š๋Š” ๋ช…์ € ์ค‘ ๋Œ€์ค‘์„ฑ์„ ๊ฒธ๋น„ํ•œ ๋ฒ ์ŠคํŠธ์…€๋Ÿฌ๋ฅผ ์—„์„ ํ•ด ์„ ์ •ํ•˜์˜€์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์กฐ๋ช…ํ™” ํŽธ์ง‘์žฅ์˜ โ€˜ํ‚ค์›Œ๋“œ๋กœ ์ฝ๋Š” ์ž‘๊ฐ€ & ์ž‘ํ’ˆโ€™ ํ•ด์„ค๊ณผ ์„ธ๊ณ„ ์ตœ๋Œ€์˜ ๋ฌด๋ฃŒ ๋„๋ฉ”์ธ ์˜ค๋””์˜ค๋ถ(free public domain audioBooks) ํ”Œ๋žซํผ ๋ฆฌ๋ธŒ๋ฆฌ๋ณต์Šค(LibrIVox) ์˜ค๋””์˜ค๋ถ ๋งํฌ๋ฅผ ์ฒจ๋ถ€ํ•˜์—ฌ ๋…์„œ์˜ ์ฆ๊ฑฐ์›€์„ ํ•œ์ธต ๋ฐฐ๊ฐ€ํ•˜๊ณ ์ž ํ•˜์˜€์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์‹œ๊ฐ„์˜ ํ๋ฆ„์—๋„ ๋ฐ”๋ž˜์ง€ ์•Š๋Š” ๋ช…์ €์˜ ๊ฐ๋™์„ ์ „์ž์ฑ…์œผ๋กœ ์–ด๋””์„œ๋‚˜, ์–ธ์ œ๋“  ๋งŒ๋‚˜๋ณด์‹œ๊ธฐ ๋ฐ”๋ž๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ํ…Œ๋งˆ์—ฌํ–‰์‹ ๋ฌธ TTN Korea ์˜์–ด๊ณ ์ „(English Classics) 1,999์„ ๊ณผ ํ•จ๊ป˜ ์–ด์ œ๋„, ์˜ค๋Š˜๋„, ๋‚ด์ผ๋„ ๋ฉ‹์ง„ ๋ฌธํ•™์—ฌํ–‰์„! B

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โ–ถ ํ”Œ๋ผํ†ค(Plato, BC427?~BC347?) 29๋ถ€์ž‘

ย 

1. ํ”Œ๋ผํ†ค์˜ ์ดˆ๊ธฐ ๋Œ€ํ™”ํŽธ(Plato's Early Dialogues) 10๋ถ€์ž‘

์˜์–ด๊ณ ์ „1000 ํ”Œ๋ผํ†ค์˜ ๋ณ€๋ก (๋ณ€๋ช…)

English Classics1000 Apology by Plato

์˜์–ด๊ณ ์ „1001 ํ”Œ๋ผํ†ค์˜ ํฌ๋ฆฌํ†ค

English Classics1001 Crito by Plato

์˜์–ด๊ณ ์ „1002 ํ”Œ๋ผํ†ค์˜ ๋ผ์ผ€์Šค

English Classics1002 Laches by Plato

์˜์–ด๊ณ ์ „1003 ํ”Œ๋ผํ†ค์˜ ๋คผ์‹œ์Šค

English Classics1003 Lysis by Plato

์˜์–ด๊ณ ์ „1004 ํ”Œ๋ผํ†ค์˜ ์นด๋ฅด๋ฏธ๋ฐ์Šค

English Classics1004 Charmides by Plato

์˜์–ด๊ณ ์ „1005 ํ”Œ๋ผํ†ค์˜ ์—์šฐํŠ€ํ”„๋ก 

English Classics1005 Euthyphro by Plato

์˜์–ด๊ณ ์ „1006 ํ”Œ๋ผํ†ค์˜ ์†Œ(ๅฐ) ํžˆํ”ผ์•„์Šค

English Classics1006 Lesser Hippias by Plato

์˜์–ด๊ณ ์ „1007 ํ”Œ๋ผํ†ค์˜ ํ”„๋กœํƒ€๊ณ ๋ผ์Šค

English Classics1007 Protagoras by Plato

์˜์–ด๊ณ ์ „1008 ํ”Œ๋ผํ†ค์˜ ๊ณ ๋ฅด๊ธฐ์•„์Šค

English Classics1008 Gorgias by Plato

์˜์–ด๊ณ ์ „1009 ํ”Œ๋ผํ†ค์˜ ์ด์˜จ

English Classics1009 Ion by Plato

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2. ํ”Œ๋ผํ†ค์˜ ์ค‘๊ธฐ ๋Œ€ํ™”ํŽธ(Plato's Middle Dialogues) 9๋ถ€์ž‘

์˜์–ด๊ณ ์ „1010 ํ”Œ๋ผํ†ค์˜ ๋ฉ”๋…ผ

English Classics1010 Meno by Plato

์˜์–ด๊ณ ์ „1011 ํ”Œ๋ผํ†ค์˜ ํŒŒ์ด๋ˆ

English Classics1011 Phaedo by Plato

์˜์–ด๊ณ ์ „1012 ํ”Œ๋ผํ†ค์˜ ๊ตญ๊ฐ€(ๅœ‹ๅฎถ, Politeia)

English Classics1012 The Republic by Plato

์˜์–ด๊ณ ์ „1013 ํ”Œ๋ผํ†ค์˜ ํ–ฅ์—ฐ(์‹ฌํฌ์ง€์—„)

English Classics1013 Symposium by Plato

์˜์–ด๊ณ ์ „1014 ํ”Œ๋ผํ†ค์˜ ์•Œํ‚ค๋น„์•„๋ฐ์Šค IยทII

English Classics1014 Alcibiades IยทII by Plato

์˜์–ด๊ณ ์ „1015 ํ”Œ๋ผํ†ค์˜ ํŒŒ์ด๋“œ๋กœ์Šค

English Classics1015 Phaedrus by Plato

์˜์–ด๊ณ ์ „1016 ํ”Œ๋ผํ†ค์˜ ์—์šฐํŠ€๋ฐ๋ชจ์Šค

English Classics1016 Euthydemus by Plato

์˜์–ด๊ณ ์ „1017 ํ”Œ๋ผํ†ค์˜ ๋ฉ”๋„ฅ์„ธ๋…ธ์Šค

English Classics1017 Menexenus by Plato

์˜์–ด๊ณ ์ „1018 ํ”Œ๋ผํ†ค์˜ ํฌ๋ผํŠˆ๋กœ์Šค

English Classics1018 Cratylus by Plato

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3. ํ”Œ๋ผํ†ค์˜ ํ›„๊ธฐ ๋Œ€ํ™”ํŽธ(Plato's Late Dialogues) 10๋ถ€์ž‘

์˜์–ด๊ณ ์ „1019 ํ”Œ๋ผํ†ค์˜ ํŒŒ๋ฅด๋ฉ”๋‹ˆ๋ฐ์Šค

English Classics1019 Parmenides by Plato

์˜์–ด๊ณ ์ „1020 ํ”Œ๋ผํ†ค์˜ ํ…Œ์•„์ดํ…Œํ† ์Šค

English Classics1020 Theaetetus by Plato

์˜์–ด๊ณ ์ „1021 ํ”Œ๋ผํ†ค์˜ ์†Œํ”ผ์ŠคํŠธ

English Classics1021 Sophist by Plato

์˜์–ด๊ณ ์ „1022 ํ”Œ๋ผํ†ค์˜ ์ •์น˜๊ฐ€

English Classics1022 Statesman by Plato

์˜์–ด๊ณ ์ „1023 ํ”Œ๋ผํ†ค์˜ ํ‹ฐ๋งˆ์ด์˜ค์Šค

English Classics1023 Timaeus by Plato

์˜์–ด๊ณ ์ „1024 ํ”Œ๋ผํ†ค์˜ ํฌ๋ฆฌํ‹ฐ์•„์Šค

English Classics1024 Critias by Plato

์˜์–ด๊ณ ์ „1025 ํ”Œ๋ผํ†ค์˜ ํ•„๋ ˆ๋ณด์Šค

English Classics1025 Philebus by Plato

์˜์–ด๊ณ ์ „1026 ํ”Œ๋ผํ†ค์˜ ๋ฒ•๋ฅ 

English Classics1026 Laws by Plato

์˜์–ด๊ณ ์ „1027 ํ”Œ๋ผํ†ค์˜ ์—๋ฆญ์‹œ์•„์Šค

English Classics1027 Eryxias by Plato

์˜์–ด๊ณ ์ „1028 ํ”Œ๋ผํ†ค์˜ ๋ณ€๋ก , ํฌ๋ฆฌํ†ค, ์†Œํฌ๋ผํ…Œ์Šค์˜ ํŒŒ์ด๋ˆ 1965

English Classics1028 Apology, Crito, and Phaedo of Socrates by Plato

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โ–ถ ํ…Œ๋งˆ์—ฌํ–‰์‹ ๋ฌธ TTN Theme Travel News Korea๋Š” 2012๋…„๋ถ€ํ„ฐ ํ˜„์žฌ๊นŒ์ง€ 2,000์ข… ์ด์ƒ์˜ ์ฝ˜ํ…์ธ ๋ฅผ ๊ธฐํš ๋ฐ ์ถœ๊ฐ„ํ•œ ์—ฌํ–‰ ์ „๋ฌธ ๋””์ง€ํ„ธ ์ฝ˜ํ…์ธ  ํผ๋ธ”๋ฆฌ์…”(Digital Contents Publisher)์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋‹ค์–‘ํ•œ ๋ถ„์•ผ์˜ ์ „๋ฌธ์ž‘๊ฐ€์™€ ํ•จ๊ป˜ ์‹ ๊ฐœ๋… ์—ฌํ–‰ ๊ฐ€์ด๋“œ๋ถ ์›์ฝ”์Šค(1 Course), ํฌํ† ์—์„ธ์ด ์›๋”ํ’€(Onederful), ์—ฌํ–‰์—์„ธ์ด ๋ณ„ ํ—ค๋Š” ๋ฐค(Counting the Stars at Night) ๋“ฑ ์ „ ์„ธ๊ณ„๋ฅผ ์•„์šฐ๋ฅด๋Š” ์—ฌํ–‰ ์ฝ˜ํ…์ธ ๋ฅผ ์ง€์†์ ์œผ๋กœ ๋ฐœํ–‰ํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋ฐฉ์†ก๋Œ€ ๊ธฐ๋„ค์Šค์ƒ 2017 โ€˜์ตœ๋‹ค ์ถœ๊ฐ„ ๋ฐ ์ตœ๋‹ค ์ž๊ฒฉ์ฆโ€™ ์ˆ˜์ƒ์— ๋น›๋‚˜๋Š” ํ…Œ๋งˆ์—ฌํ–‰์‹ ๋ฌธ TTN Korea์™€ ํ•จ๊ป˜ ์–ด์ œ๋„, ์˜ค๋Š˜๋„, ๋‚ด์ผ๋„ ๋ฉ‹์ง„ ์—ฌํ–‰์„!

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โ–ถ Theme Travel News TTN Korea(ํ…Œ๋งˆ์—ฌํ–‰์‹ ๋ฌธ TTN Korea) is the digital content publisher that published more than 2,000 types of content since 2012. Along with professional writers in various fields, we regularly publish various travel contents such as 1 Course(์›์ฝ”์Šค), Onederful(์›๋”ํ’€), Counting the Stars at Night(๋ณ„ ํ—ค๋Š” ๋ฐค) Series. Von voyage with Theme Travel News TTN Korea(ํ…Œ๋งˆ์—ฌํ–‰์‹ ๋ฌธ TTN Korea)!

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เน€เธเธตเนˆเธขเธงเธเธฑเธšเธœเธนเน‰เนเธ•เนˆเธ‡

โ–ถ ํ”Œ๋ผํ†ค(Plato, BC427?~BC347?)

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โ–ถ ํ”Œ๋ผํ†ค์ฃผ์˜(Platonism)์˜ ์ฐฝ์‹œ์ž, ํ”Œ๋ผํ†ค(Plato, BC427?~BC347?) : ๊ณ ๋Œ€ ๊ทธ๋ฆฌ์Šค ์•„ํ…Œ๋„ค ์ถœ์‹ ์˜ ์ฒ ํ•™์ž, ํ”Œ๋ผํ†ค์˜ ๋ณธ๋ช…์€ ์•„๋ฆฌ์Šคํ† ํด๋ ˆ์Šค(Aristocles)๋กœ, โ€˜๋„“๋‹คโ€™๋Š” ์˜๋ฏธ๋ฅผ ๋‹ด๊ณ  ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ฒด๊ตฌ๊ฐ€ ๊ฑด์žฅํ•œ ํ”Œ๋ผํ†ค์€ ๋‹น๋Œ€ ๊ทธ๋ฆฌ์Šค์˜ ์ „ํ†ต์— ๋”ฐ๋ผ ์œก์ฒด์ ์ธ ์šด๋™์„ ์ฆ๊ฒผ๊ณ , ๋ ˆ์Šฌ๋ง ๋Œ€ํšŒ์— ์ฐธ๊ฐ€ํ•  ์ •๋„๋กœ ํž˜ ๋˜ํ•œ ํƒ์›”ํ–ˆ๊ธฐ์—, ๊ทธ์˜ ๋„์ฐํ•œ ์–ด๊นจ๋Š” ๋„“๋‹ค(Plato)๋Š” ์นญํ˜ธ๋ฅผ ์„ ์‚ฌํ•˜๊ธฐ์— ๋ถ€์กฑํ•จ์ด ์—†์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๋Š” ํ”Œ๋ผํ†ค์ฃผ์˜(Platonism)๋ฅผ ์ฐฝ์‹œํ•œ ์‚ฌ์ƒ๊ฐ€๋กœ๋„ ์ž˜ ์•Œ๋ ค์ ธ ์žˆ์œผ๋‚˜, ๋‹น๋Œ€ ๊ทธ๋ฆฌ์Šค๋ฅผ ๋„˜์–ด์„œ ํ˜„์žฌ๊นŒ์ง€ โ€˜์„œ์–‘ ์ฒ ํ•™์˜ ๊ฑฐ๋‘โ€™๋ผ ๊ผฝํžˆ๋Š” ์†Œํฌ๋ผํ…Œ์Šค(Socrates, BC470?~BC399)์˜ ์ œ์ž์ธ ๋™์‹œ์— ์•„๋ฆฌ์Šคํ† ํ…”๋ ˆ์Šค(Aristoteles, BC384~BC322)์˜ ์Šค์Šน์ด๋ž€ ์ ์œผ๋กœ๋„ ๊ฐ„๊ณผํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์—†๋Š” ์ธ๋ฌผ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์•„๋‹ˆ, ์†Œํฌ๋ผํ…Œ์Šค-ํ”Œ๋ผํ†ค-์•„๋ฆฌ์Šคํ† ํ…”๋ ˆ์Šค๊ฐ€ ์‚ฌ์ œ ๊ด€๊ณ„๋ผ๋‹ˆ!!

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โ–ท ๋…๋ฐฐ๋งˆ์ €๋„ ๋‹ด๋‹ดํ•˜๊ฒŒ ๋ฐ›์•„๋“ค์ธ ์†Œํฌ๋ผํ…Œ์Šค๊ฐ€ ์šฐ๋งคํ•œ ๋ฐฐ์‹ฌ์›๋“ค์˜ ํˆฌํ‘œ๋กœ ์ธํ•ด ์–ด์ฒ˜๊ตฌ๋‹ˆ์—†๋Š” ์ฃฝ์Œ์„ ๋งž์ดํ•œ ๊ฒƒ์„ ๋ชฉ๋„ํ•œ ํ”Œ๋ผํ†ค์˜ ๋‚˜์ด๋Š” ๋ถˆ๊ณผ 28์„ธ. ์ฒญ๋…„ ํ”Œ๋ผํ†ค์€ ์Šค์Šน์˜ ํ”์ ์ด ์ง™๊ฒŒ ๋ฐฐ์–ด ์žˆ๋Š” ์•„ํ…Œ๋„ค๋ฅผ ๋– ๋‚˜ ์ง€์ค‘ํ•ด๋ฅผ ๋– ๋Œ๋ฉฐ ๊ฐ์ง€์˜ ์ฒ ํ•™์ž๋ฅผ ๋งŒ๋‚˜๋Š” ๊ณ ํ–‰์„ ์‹œ์ž‘ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๋ฆฌ์Šค ๋ฉ”๊ฐ€๋ผ(Megara), ๋ฆฌ๋น„์•„ ํ‚ค๋ ˆ๋„ค(Cyrene), ์ดํƒˆ๋ฆฌ์•„ ์‹œ์น ๋ฆฌ์•„ ์„ฌ(Isola di Sicilia)โ€ฆโ€ฆ. ์ Š์€ ์‹œ์ ˆ์˜ ๊ณ ํ–‰์€ ํ”Œ๋ผํ†ค์ด ์ž์‹ ๋งŒ์˜ ์ฒ ํ•™์„ ์™„์„ฑํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋„๋ก ์ˆ™์„ฑ์‹œ์ผœ ์ฃผ๋Š” ์—ญํ• ์„ ํ•˜์˜€์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋ฒˆ์™ธ์ ์œผ๋กœ ์†Œํฌ๋ผํ…Œ์Šค์˜ ์œ ์–ธ์€ ์•…๋ฒ•๋„ ๋ฒ•์ด๋‹ค(Dura lex sed lex)๊ฐ€ ์•„๋‹ˆ๋ผ, โ€˜์•„์Šคํด๋ ˆํ”ผ์˜ค์Šค์—๊ฒŒ ๋นš์ง„ ๋‹ญ ํ•œ ๋งˆ๋ฆฌ๋ฅผ ๋Œ€์‹  ๊ฐš์•„ ๋‹ฌ๋ผ.(Pay it back for the chicken you owe Asclepius.)โ€™์˜€์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋‹ค๋งŒ ์‹ค์ •๋ฒ•์„ ์กด์ค‘ํ•œ๋‹ค๋Š” ์˜๋ฏธ์—์„œ ์†Œํฌ๋ผํ…Œ์Šค์˜ ์œ ์–ธ์œผ๋กœ ์†์ƒ‰์ด ์—†์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.

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โ–ถ ์„œ์–‘ ์ตœ์ดˆ ๊ณ ๋“ฑ ๊ต์œก ๊ธฐ๊ด€(the first institution of higher learning in the Western world) ์•„์นด๋ฐ๋ฉ”์ด์•„(Akadฤ“meรญฤ) ์„ค๋ฆฝ์ž : ํ”Œ๋ผํ†ค(Plato)์˜ ์—…์ ์œผ๋กœ ์ˆ˜๋งŽ์€ ๋Œ€ํ™”ํŽธ์„ ํ†ตํ•ด ๊ทธ๋ฆฌ์Šค ์ฒ ํ•™์˜ ํ† ๋Œ€๋ฅผ ๋‹ค์ง„ ๊ฒƒ ์™ธ์—๋„, ์„œ์–‘ ์ตœ์ดˆ ๊ณ ๋“ฑ ๊ต์œก ๊ธฐ๊ด€(the first institution of higher learning in the Western world) ์•„์นด๋ฐ๋ฉ”์ด์•„(Akadฤ“meรญฤ)๋ฅผ ์„ค๋ฆฝํ•œ ๊ฒƒ์„ ๋นผ๋†“์„ ์ˆ˜ ์—†์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ง€๊ธˆ์ด์•ผ ๊ฐ์ข… ์žฌ๋‹จ๊ณผ ์ข…๊ต ๊ธฐ๊ด€์ด ์ž์‹ ์˜ ์‚ฌ์ƒ์„ ์ „ํŒŒํ•˜๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•ด ๊ต์œก ๊ธฐ๊ด€์„ ์„ค๋ฆฝํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ด ๋„ˆ๋ฌด๋‚˜ ํ”ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ, ๋‹น๋Œ€ ๊ทธ๋ฆฌ์Šค ์•„ํ…Œ๋„ค์—์„œ ํ•œ ๋ช…์˜ ์‚ฌ์ƒ๊ฐ€๊ฐ€ ๋…์ž์ ์ธ ๊ต์œก ๊ธฐ๊ด€์„ ์„ค๋ฆฝํ•œ ๊ฒƒ์€ ์ „๋ฌดํ›„๋ฌดํ•œ ์ผ์ด์˜€์„ ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ํ”Œ๋ผํ†ค์€ ์„ค๋ฆฝ์ž์ด๊ธฐ ์ด์ „์—, ์ฒ ํ•™์ž์ด์ž ์‚ฌ์ƒ๊ฐ€๋กœ์จ ์Šค์Šค๋กœ ๋‹ค์–‘ํ•œ ์ฑ…์„ ์ง‘ํ•„ํ•˜์˜€๊ณ  ์ „๊ตญ์—์„œ ๋ชฐ๋ ค๋“  ํ•™์ƒ๋“ค๊ณผ ํ•จ๊ป˜ ๋Œ€ํ™”๋ฅผ ๋‚˜๋ˆ„๋ฉฐ ์ž์‹ ์˜ ์‚ฌ์ƒ์„ ์™„์„ฑํ•ด ๋‚˜๊ฐ”์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ณ ๋Œ€ ๊ทธ๋ฆฌ์Šค์˜ ์•„์นด๋ฐ๋ฉ”์ด์•„(Akadฤ“meรญฤ)๋Š” ์˜ค๋Š˜๋‚  ๋Œ€ํ•™๊ต(Academy)์˜ ์›ํ˜•์œผ๋กœ ์—ฌ๊ฒจ์งˆ ๋งŒํผ ์œ ์„œ ๊นŠ์€ ๊ต์œก ๊ธฐ๊ด€์œผ๋กœ, ์œ ์Šคํ‹ฐ๋‹ˆ์•„๋ˆ„์Šค 1์„ธ ๋˜๋Š” ์œ ์Šคํ‹ฐ๋‹ˆ์•„๋ˆ„์Šค ๋Œ€์ œ(Flavius Petrus Sabbatius Iustinianus, AD482~AD565)๊ฐ€ ๋น„๊ธฐ๋…๊ต ํ•™๊ต์˜ ํ์‡„๋ฅผ ๋ช…๋ นํ•œ ์„œ๊ธฐ 529๋…„๊นŒ์ง€ ๋ฌด๋ ค 900์—ฌ ๋…„๊ฐ„ ์กด์†ํ•˜์˜€์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์•„์นด๋ฐ๋ฉ”์ด์•„๋ž€ ์ด๋ฆ„์€ ๊ทธ๋ฆฌ์Šคยท๋กœ๋งˆ์‹ ํ™”์˜ ์˜์›… ์•„์นด๋ฐ๋ฌด์Šค(Academus) ํ˜น์€ ๊ทธ์˜ ์ด๋ฆ„์„ ๊ฐ€์ง„ ์•„ํ…Œ๋„ค ์‹œ๋ฏผ์˜ ์ด๋ฆ„์„ ๋”ฐ ๋ถ™์ธ ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.

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โ–ถ ๋‹จ๋ˆ 20๋ฏธ๋‚˜(Twenty Minas) ๋…ธ์˜ˆ๋กœ ํŒ”๋ฆฐ ๋Œ€ํ•™์ž : ํ”Œ๋ผํ†ค์˜ ์ƒ์• ์—์„œ ๊ฐ€์žฅ ์œ ๋ช…ํ•œ ์‚ฌ๊ฑด์œผ๋กœ, ๊ทธ๊ฐ€ ์‚ด์•„์ƒ์ „ ์ˆ˜์ฐจ๋ก€ ๋ฐฉ๋ฌธํ•œ ์‹œ์น ๋ฆฌ์•„ ์„ฌ์˜ ํ†ต์น˜์ž ๋””์˜ค๋‹ˆ์‹œ์šฐ์Šค(Dionysius)์˜ ๋ช…์˜ˆ ์˜ํ•ด ๋…ธ์˜ˆ๋กœ ํŒ”๋ฆฐ ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ํ˜„์žฌ๋กœ ์น˜๋ฉด ์กด๊ฒฝ๋ฐ›๋Š” ๋Œ€ํ•™๊ต ์ด์žฅ์ด ์ •์น˜ ๊ถŒ๋ ฅ์ž์— ์˜ํ•ด ํŒŒ๋ฉด์€ ๋ฌผ๋ก ์ด๊ฑฐ๋‹ˆ์™€, ๊ฐ์˜ฅ์— ๊ฐ‡ํžŒ ๊ฒฉ์ด์ง€์š”. ๋‹คํ–‰์Šค๋Ÿฝ๊ฒŒ๋„ ํ”Œ๋ผํ†ค์„ ์•Œ์•„๋ณธ ํ‚ค๋ ˆ๋„ค ์ฒ ํ•™์ž(Cyrenaic philosopher) ์•„๋‹ˆ์ผ€๋ฆฌ์Šค(Anniceris)์˜ ๋„์›€์œผ๋กœ ๊ณ ํ–ฅ์œผ๋กœ ๋Œ์•„๊ฐˆ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋‹น์‹œ ์•„๋‹ˆ์ผ€๋ฆฌ์Šค(Anniceris)๊ฐ€ ์ง€๋ถˆํ•œ ๊ธˆ์•ก์€ ๋‹จ๋ˆ 20๋ฏธ๋‚˜(Twenty Minas)! ๋ถ€์œ ํ•œ ์ง‘์•ˆ์˜ ์ž์ œ๋กœ ํƒœ์–ด๋‚œ ํ”Œ๋ผํ†ค์œผ๋กœ์จ ๊ฒฐ์ฝ” ์žŠ์„ ์ˆ˜ ์—†๋Š” ๊ฒฝํ—˜์ด ์•„๋‹ ์ˆ˜ ์—†์„ ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ํ”Œ๋ผํ†ค์€ ๋‹น๋Œ€ ์ตœ๊ณ ์˜ ์‚ฌ์ƒ๊ฐ€์ด๊ธด ํ–ˆ์œผ๋‚˜, ์ •์น˜ ๊ถŒ๋ ฅ์ž์™€์˜ ์‚ฌ์ด๋Š” ์ฉ ์ข‹์ง€ ์•Š์•„ ์ž์‹ ์˜ ์žฌ๋Šฅ์„ ์ •๊ณ„์—์„œ ํŽผ์นœ ๊ฒฝํ—˜์€ ๊ฑฐ์˜ ์—†์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ค‘๊ตญ ์ตœ๊ณ ์˜ ์‚ฌ์ƒ๊ฐ€ ๊ณต์ž์˜ ์ผ์ƒ์„ ์—ฐ์ƒ์ผ€ ํ•˜๋Š” ๋Œ€๋ชฉ์ด๋„ค์š”.

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โ–ถ ์Šค์Šน ์†Œํฌ๋ผํ…Œ์Šค๋ฅผ ์œ„ํ•œ ์ฐฌ๊ฐ€, ํ”Œ๋ผํ†ค์˜ ๋Œ€ํ™”ํŽธ(Plato's Dialogues) : ๋ถ€์œ ํ•œ ๋ถ€๋ชจ๋ฅผ ๋‘” ํ”Œ๋ผํ†ค์€ ๋‹น์‹œ ์•„ํ…Œ๋„ค์—์„œ ์„ ํ’์ ์ธ ์ธ๊ธฐ๋ฅผ ๋Œ๋˜ ๋น„๊ทน ๊ฒฝ์—ฐ๋Œ€ํšŒ์— ์ฐธ์„ํ•˜๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•ด ์ง์ ‘ ๋น„๊ทน์„ ์ง‘ํ•„ํ•˜์˜€์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๋Ÿฌ๋˜ ์ค‘ ๋””์˜ค๋‹ˆ์†Œ์Šค ๊ทน์žฅ ์•ž์—์„œ ์ž์‹ ๋งŒ์˜ ๋ฌธ๋‹ต๋ฒ•์œผ๋กœ ์•„ํ…Œ๋„ค ์‹œ๋ฏผ๋“ค์—๊ฒŒ ๊นจ๋‹ฌ์Œ์„ ์ „๋‹ฌํ•˜๋Š” ์†Œํฌ๋ผํ…Œ์Šค๋ฅผ ๋งŒ๋‚ฌ๊ณ , ์ด๋Š” ์ฒญ๋…„ ํ”Œ๋ผํ†ค์—๊ฒŒ ํฐ ์ถฉ๊ฒฉ์„ ์ฃผ์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ธ‰๊ธฐ์•ผ ์ž์‹ ์˜ ์ž‘ํ’ˆ์„ ๋ชจ๋‘ ๋ถˆํƒœ์›Œ ๋ฒ„๋ฆฐ ํ›„ ์†Œํฌ๋ผํ…Œ์Šค์˜ ์ œ์ž๋กœ ์ž…๋ฌธํ•˜์˜€์œผ๋ฉฐ, ํ›—๋‚  ์†Œํฌ๋ผํ…Œ์Šค๋ฅผ ์ฃผ์ธ๊ณต์œผ๋กœ ํ•˜๋Š” 30์—ฌ ํŽธ์˜ โ€˜ํ”Œ๋ผํ†ค์˜ ๋Œ€ํ™”ํŽธโ€™์„ ํ†ตํ•ด ์Šค์Šน์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ์กด๊ฒฝ์‹ฌ์„ ํ‘œํ˜„ํ•˜์˜€์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ด๋Š” ๊ทธ์˜ ์ œ์ž ์•„๋ฆฌ์Šคํ† ํ…”๋ ˆ์Šค๊ฐ€ ์Šค์Šน ํ”Œ๋ผํ†ค์„ ๋น„ํŒํ•จ์œผ๋กœ์จ ์ž์‹ ์˜ ์ฒ ํ•™์„ ๋‹ค๋“ฌ์–ด ๊ฐ„ ๊ฒƒ๊ณผ๋Š” ๋Œ€์กฐ๋˜๋Š” ๋Œ€๋ชฉ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์†Œํฌ๋ผํ…Œ์Šค๊ฐ€ ํ”Œ๋ผํ†ค์„ ๋งŒ๋‚˜๊ธฐ ์ „์— ๊พธ์—ˆ๋‹ค๋Š” ๋ฐฑ์กฐ ๊ฟˆ ์ผํ™”๋„ ์œ ๋ช…ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋ฌด๋ฆŽ์— ์•‰ํ˜€ ๋†“์•˜๋˜ ๋ฐฑ์กฐ๊ฐ€ ๊ฐ‘์ž๊ฐ€ ํ•˜๋Š˜๋กœ ๋‚ ์•„๊ฐ€ ๋ฒ„๋ฆฌ๋Š” ๊ฟˆ์„ ๊พธ์—ˆ๋Š”๋ฐโ€ฆโ€ฆ. ํ”Œ๋ผํ†ค์„ ๋งŒ๋‚˜์ž ๋†€๋ผ์›€์„ ๊ธˆ์น˜ ๋ชปํ•˜์˜€์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์•„๋‹ˆ, ์ž๋„ค๊ฐ€ ๋ฐ”๋กœ ๊ทธ ๋ฐฑ์กฐ๋กœ๊ตฐ!!

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โ–ถ ์ฒ ํ•™์ž ํ”Œ๋ผํ†ค์˜ ์‚ฌ๋ž‘?! ํ”Œ๋ผํ† ๋‹‰ ๋Ÿฌ๋ธŒ(Platonic Love) : ์œก์ฒด์  ์‚ฌ๋ž‘ ์—๋กœ์Šค์™€ ๋Œ€๋น„๋˜๋Š” ์ •์‹ ์ ์ธ ์‚ฌ๋ž‘ ํ”Œ๋ผํ† ๋‹‰ ๋Ÿฌ๋ธŒ(Platonic love)๋Š” ์ด๋ฆ„ ๊ทธ๋Œ€๋กœ โ€˜ํ”Œ๋ผํ†ค์˜ ์‚ฌ๋ž‘โ€™์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์•„๋‹ˆ ์ฒ ํ•™์ž ํ”Œ๋ผํ†ค์˜ ์‚ฌ๋ž‘์ด๋ผ๋‹ˆ?! ํ”Œ๋ผํ†ค์€ ๊ฐ€์žฅ ์ด์ƒ์ ์ธ ํ˜•ํƒœ์˜ ์‚ฌ๋ž‘์€ โ€˜์‹ ์˜ ์‚ฌ๋ž‘โ€™์ด๋ผ ์ฃผ์žฅํ•˜์˜€๊ณ , ํ›„๋Œ€์˜ ์ดํƒˆ๋ฆฌ์•„ ์ฒ ํ•™์ž ๋งˆ๋ฅด์‹ค๋ฆฌ์˜ค ํ”ผ์น˜๋…ธ(Marsilio Ficino, 1433~1499)๊ฐ€ ํ”Œ๋ผํ†ค์˜ ์ž‘ํ’ˆ์„ ๋ฒˆ์—ญํ•˜๋ฉด์„œ ์ตœ์ดˆ๋กœ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜์˜€์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ดํ›„ ์ˆ˜๋งŽ์€ ๋ฌธํ•™๊ฐ€๋“ค์ด ๋งˆ๋ฅด์‹ค๋ฆฌ์˜ค ํ”ผ์น˜๋…ธ์˜ ์‹ ์กฐ์–ด๋ฅผ ํ™•๋Œ€์žฌ์ƒ์‚ฐํ•˜๋ฉด์„œ ๋Œ€์ค‘๋“ค์—๊ฒŒ ์นœ์ˆ™ํ•ด ์กŒ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. 17์„ธ๊ธฐ ์˜๊ตญ์—์„œ๋Š” ์œŒ๋ฆฌ์—„ ๋ฐ๋ฒ„๋„ŒํŠธ(William Davenant, 1606~1668)๊ฐ€ ํ”Œ๋ผํ† ๋‹‰ ์—ฐ์ธ๋“ค(The Platonick Lovers, 1635)์ด๋ž€ ํฌ๊ณก์„ ๋ฐœํ‘œํ•˜์˜€์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์œŒ๋ฆฌ์—„ ๋ฐ๋ฒ„๋„ŒํŠธ๊ฐ€ ์ž์‹ ์˜ ํ›„์›์ž ํ—จ๋ฆฌ ์ œ๋ฅด๋ฏผ(Henry Jermyn, 1605~1684)์—๊ฒŒ ํ—Œ์ •ํ•œ ํ”Œ๋ผํ† ๋‹‰ ์—ฐ์ธ๋“ค 1635๋Š” ํ’์ž๊ฐ€ ์„ž์ธ ์ฝ”๋ฏธ๋”” ์žฅ๋ฅด๋กœ 1635๋…„ ๋ธ”๋ž™ํ”„๋ผ์ด์–ด์Šค ๊ทน์žฅ(Blackfriars Theatre)์—์„œ ์ดˆ์—ฐํ•˜์˜€์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.

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โ–ถ ํ”Œ๋ผํ†ค์˜ ๋‹ค๋ฉด์ฒด, ์ •๋‹ค๋ฉด์ฒด(ๆญฃๅคš้ข้ซ”, Platonic Solid) : โ€˜ํ”Œ๋ผํ†ค์˜ ๋‹ค๋ฉด์ฒดโ€™๋ž€ ์˜๋ฏธ์˜ ์ •๋‹ค๋ฉด์ฒด๋Š” โ€˜๋ณผ๋ก ๋‹ค๋ฉด์ฒด ์ค‘์—์„œ ๋ชจ๋“  ๋ฉด์ด ํ•ฉ๋™์ธ ์ •๋‹ค๊ฐํ˜•์œผ๋กœ ์ด๋ฃจ์–ด์ ธ ์žˆ์œผ๋ฉฐ, ๊ฐ ๊ผญ์ง“์ ์—์„œ ๋งŒ๋‚˜๋Š” ๋ฉด์˜ ๊ฐœ์ˆ˜๊ฐ€ ๊ฐ™์€ ๋„ํ˜•โ€™์„ ์˜๋ฏธํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ •์‚ฌ๋ฉด์ฒด๋ถ€ํ„ฐ ์ •์œก๋ฉด์ฒด, ์ •ํŒ”๋ฉด์ฒด, ์ •์‹ญ์ด๋ฉด์ฒด ๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์ •์ด์‹ญ๋ฉด์ฒด๊นŒ์ง€ 5์ข…๋ฅ˜๊ฐ€ ์กด์žฌํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ •๋‹ค๋ฉด์ฒด์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ๋Š” ํ”Œ๋ผํ†ค ์ด์ „์—๋„ ์žˆ์—ˆ์œผ๋‚˜, ๊ทธ๊ฐ€ ํ‹ฐ๋งˆ์ด์˜ค์Šค(Timaeus)๋ฅผ ํ†ตํ•ด ๋‹ค๋ฉด์ฒด๋ฅผ ์ž์—ฐ์˜ ์›์†Œ์™€ ์—ฐ๊ฒฐํ•˜์—ฌ ๋ฌ˜์‚ฌํ•จ์œผ๋กœ์จ ํ”Œ๋ผํ†ค์˜ ๋‹ค๋ฉด์ฒด(Platonic Solid)๋ž€ ์ด๋ฆ„์ด ๋ถ™์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.

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โ–ถ ๊ทธ๋ฆฌ์Šค ์Šค์นด์ด TV(Skai TV) ์œ„๋Œ€ํ•œ ๊ทธ๋ฆฌ์Šค์ธ 100์ธ(100 Greatest Greeks, 2009) 9์œ„! : ๊ทธ๋ฆฌ์Šค ์Šค์นด์ด TV๋Š” 2008๋…„ 4์›”๋ถ€ํ„ฐ ํ•œ ๋‹ฌ๊ฐ„ ์ž๊ตญ๋ฏผ์„ ๋Œ€์ƒ์œผ๋กœ ์‹ค์‹œํ•œ ๋ฐฉ์†ก์„ ํ†ตํ•ด ์œ„๋Œ€ํ•œ ๊ทธ๋ฆฌ์Šค์ธ 100์ธ(100 Greatest Greeks, 2009)์„ ์ƒ๋ฐฉ์†ก ํ† ๋ก ๊ณผ ํˆฌํ‘œ๋ฅผ ํ†ตํ•ด ์„ ์ •ํ•˜์˜€์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. 1์œ„๋Š” ์•Œ๋ ‰์‚ฐ๋” ๋Œ€์™•(Alexander the Great, BC356~BC323)์„ ๋น„๋กฏํ•ด ์†Œํฌ๋ผํ…Œ์Šค(Socrates, BC470?~BC399) 5์œ„, ์•„๋ฆฌ์Šคํ† ํ…”๋ ˆ์Šค(Aristoteles, BC384~BC322) 6์œ„, ํ”Œ๋ผํ†ค 9์œ„, ํŽ˜๋ฆฌํด๋ ˆ์Šค(Perikles, BC495?~BC429) 10์œ„ ๋“ฑ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ์—๊ฒŒ ์นœ์ˆ™ํ•œ ์—ญ์‚ฌ ์†์˜ ์ธ๋ฌผ๊ณผ ๊ทธ๋ฆฌ์Šค ์ฒ ํ•™์ž๊ฐ€ ์ƒ์œ„๊ถŒ์— ๋Œ€๊ฑฐ ํฌํ•จ๋˜์–ด ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๋Ÿฌ๋‚˜ ๋‚ด๊ณผ์˜์‚ฌ ๊ฒŒ์˜ค๋ฅด์š”์Šค ํŒŒํŒŒ๋‹ˆ์ฝœ๋ผ์šฐ(George Papanicolaou, 1883~1962), ๊ทธ๋ฆฌ์Šค ๋…๋ฆฝ์ „์Ÿ์˜ ์ง€ํœ˜๊ด€ ํ…Œ์˜ค๋„๋ฃจ์Šค ์ฝœ๋กœ์ฝ”ํŠธ๋กœ๋‹ˆ์Šค(Theodoros Kolokotronis, 1770~1843), ๊ทธ๋ฆฌ์Šค ๋Œ€ํ†ต๋ น ์ฝ˜์Šคํƒ„ํ‹ฐ๋ˆ„์Šค ์นด๋ผ๋งŒ๋ฆฌ์Šค(Konstantinos Karamanlis, 1907~1998), ์ด๋ฆฌ ์—˜๋ ˆํ”„ํ…Œ๋ฆฌ์˜ค์Šค ๋ฒ ๋‹ˆ์ ค๋กœ์Šค(Eleftherios Venizelos, 1864~1936), ๊ทธ๋ฆฌ์Šค์˜ ์ดˆ๋Œ€ ๋Œ€ํ†ต๋ น ์š”์•ˆ๋‹ˆ์Šค ์นดํฌ๋””์ŠคํŠธ๋ฆฌ์•„์Šค(Ioannis Kapodistrias, 1776~1831) ๋“ฑ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ์—๊ฒŒ ๋‚ฏ์„  ํ˜„๋Œ€์ธ๋„ ๋‹ค์ˆ˜ ํฌํ•จ๋˜์–ด ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.ย 

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