關於這本電子書
From a linguistic perspective, it is quanti?cation which makes all the di?- ence between “having no dollars” and “having a lot of dollars”. And it is the meaning of the quanti?er “most” which eventually decides if “Most Ame- cans voted Kerry” or “Most Americans voted Bush” (as it stands). Natural language(NL)quanti?erslike“all”,“almostall”,“many”etc. serveanimp- tant purpose because they permit us to speak about properties of collections, as opposed to describing speci?c individuals only; in technical terms, qu- ti?ers are a ‘second-order’ construct. Thus the quantifying statement “Most Americans voted Bush” asserts that the set of voters of George W. Bush c- prisesthemajorityofAmericans,while“Bushsneezes”onlytellsussomething about a speci?c individual. By describing collections rather than individuals, quanti?ers extend the expressive power of natural languages far beyond that of propositional logic and make them a universal communication medium. Hence language heavily depends on quantifying constructions. These often involve fuzzy concepts like “tall”, and they frequently refer to fuzzy quantities in agreement like “about ten”, “almost all”, “many” etc. In order to exploit this expressive power and make fuzzy quanti?cation available to technical applications, a number of proposals have been made how to model fuzzy quanti?ers in the framework of fuzzy set theory. These approaches usually reduce fuzzy quanti?cation to a comparison of scalar or fuzzy cardinalities [197, 132].
關於作者
Ingo Glöckner received his M.A. in Computational Linguistics and Artificial Intelligence from University of Osnabrück in 1996. He then became a research assistant at the University of Bielefeld, where he pursued research on fuzzy set theory and its application to information retrieval. In 2003, I. Glöckner received his PhD for his thesis on the semantical interpretation and implementation of fuzzy quantifiers. He then joined the Intelligent Information and Communication Systems Group (Prakt. Informatik VII) of Prof. H. Helbig at the FernUniversität in Hagen. His current research activities are centered on the representation and processing of knowledge expressed in natural language.
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