Geophysics for Petroleum Engineers: Chapter 2. Fundamentals of Petroleum Geology

Fred Aminzadeh · Shivaji N. Dasgupta

12/2013 · Developments in Petroleum Science Livro 60 · Elsevier Inc. Chapters

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Origin of petroleum begins with the formation of organic matter, burial of organic matter in a basin maturation of the organic content with pressure temperature at burial depths. Petroleum system includes source rocks, reservoir rocks, reservoir traps, migration paths, seals etc. Hydrocarbons mature in source rocks migrate into reservoirs. Reservoir rocks are containers of hydrocarbons with sufficient interconnected pore spaces, these are sedimentary rocks clastic (sandstone shale), carbonate rocks. Migration pathways for matured hydrocarbons- migration is in separate phases from higher potential to a lower potential, from deepest to the shallowest. The hydrocarbons migrate into different types of petroleum traps such as anticlinal, fault, salt related stratigraphic traps. Reservoir seals are rocks with low permeability drapes hydrocarbons traps to ensure that entrapped fluids do not escape. Integration of disciplines geology, geophysics, petrophysics, is the key to predicting reservoir geometry, volume, in assessment of reserves.