The Asian Vigna in the subgenus Ceratotropis, with several recognized species distributed across Asia, constitute an economically important group of cultivated and wild species for which a rich diversity occurs in India and other parts of Asia. Taxonomically, cultigen and conspecific wild forms are recognized in all major cultivated Asiatic pulses, mung bean (V. radiata), urd bean (V. mungo), rice bean (V. umbellata) and azuki bean (V. angularis) except for moth bean (V. aconitifolia), which has retained a wild-type morphology. The cultivated species V. radiata and V. mungo are of Indian origin. The domestication of V. aconitifolia is also apparently Indian, whereas that of V. angularis and V. umbellata is Far Eastern. A comprehensive review on origin,distribution, diversity, evaluation and utilization including genomic resources of Asian Vigna species is described in the chapter. The compilation will be a valuable reference for agriculturists, conservationists, taxonomists and other researchers interested in the genetic and genomic resources management of Asian Vigna species.