Jesus and Myth: The Gospel Account's Two Patterns

Peter John Barber

feb 2021 · Wipf and Stock Publishers

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Is Jesus mythological? And is he a mere product of his cultural milieu? Through narratological and social-scientific analysis of the gospel account, Barber systematically demonstrates that there are two opposing patterns structuring the gospel. The first is the pattern of this world, which is the combat myth, with a typical sequence of motifs having mythological meanings. It is lived out by everyone else in the accounts except Jesus, because this pattern of the world is the pattern of myth-culture, which is the pattern of the old Adam and sin nature. The pattern of Jesus is the pattern intended for Adam to walk in, and is the unique pattern of the new Adam, Jesus Christ. Jesus’s pattern inverts the sequence and subverts the significance of each and every motif and episode of the myth-culture’s pattern. Barber shows that Jesus’s “failure” to conform to this world’s mythological pattern establishes that he is not mythological, and not a product of his culture. As the apostle Peter states, “. . . we did not follow cleverly devised tales [myths] when we made known to you the power and coming of our Lord Jesus Christ, but we were eyewitnesses of his majesty” (2 Pet 1:16).

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Peter John Barber is a professor of biblical and theological studies at Nipawin Bible College in Saskatchewan, Canada. He is a recipient of the Social Sciences and Humanities Research Council of Canada Doctoral Award, and an authority on the relationships between the Gospels, myth, and culture.