La fe y la razón: Quince sermones predicados ante la Universidad de Oxford (1826-1843)

John Henry Newman

févr. 1993 · Encuentro

À propos de cet e-book

Introducción, traducción y notas de Aureli Boix. Estos Sermones Universitarios atraerán especialmente a los que unen la sensibilidad religiosa con la inteligencia crítica, a los que no se contentan con repetir distinciones abstractas, a los que quieren aproximarse a la verdad, desde sus distintos lados y aprovechando todos los elementos que de ella se nos ofrecen. Ponendo en primer plano el problema de la fe y la razón -observadas en su proceder concreto, en la vida de las personas, cultas y sencillas- Newman nos expone lo que podríamos denominar su método, el que nos da la clave de su propio itinerario hacia la verdad. Aunque «se trataba de primeros tanteos de una tarea importante y necesaria: una investigación de las bases definitivas de la fe religiosa, anterior a la diferecnciación de credos», al releerlos poco después de su incorporación a la Iglesia católica escribió de ellos: «Pienso que son, en conjunto, lo mejor que he escrito, y no puedo creer que no sean católicos, no que dejarán de ser útiles». Y años más tarde: «Abogo por mis discursos universitarios de Oxford y soy partidario casi acérrimo de su verdad sustancial. Si he puesto en claro una verdad..., ésta es la importancia de la probabilidad antecedente para la convicción. Así se convierten las muchachas obreras, lo mismo que los filósofos».

À propos de l'auteur

English clergyman John Henry Newman was born on February 21, 1801. He was educated at Trinity College, University of Oxford. He was the leader of the Oxford movement and cardinal after his conversion to the Roman Catholic Church. In 1822, he received an Oriel College fellowship, which was then the highest distinction of Oxford scholarship, and was appointed a tutor at Oriel. Two years later, he became vicar of St. Mary's, the Anglican church of the University of Oxford, and exerted influence on the religious thought through his sermons. When Newman resigned his tutorship in 1832, he made a tour of the Mediterranean region and wrote the hymn "Lead Kindly Light." He was also one of the chief contributors to "Tracts for the Times" (1833-1841), writing 29 papers including "Tract 90", which terminated the series. The final tract was met with opposition because of its claim that the Thirty-nine Articles of the Church of England are aimed primarily at the abuses of Roman Catholicism. Newman retired from Oxford in 1842 to the village of Littlemore. He spent three years in seclusion and resigned his post as vicar of St. Mary's on October 9, 1845. During this time, he wrote a retraction of his criticisms of the Roman Catholic Church and after writing his "Essay on the Development of Christian Doctrine," he became a Roman Catholic. The following year, he went to Rome and was ordained a priest and entered the Congregation of the Oratory. The remainder of Newman's life was spent in the house of the Oratory that he established near Birmingham. He also served as rector of a Roman Catholic university that the bishops of Ireland were trying to establish in Dublin from 1854-1858. While there, he delivered a series of lectures that were later published as "The Idea of a University Defined" (1873), which says the function of a university is the training of the mind instead of the giving of practical information. In 1864, Newman published "Apologia pro Vita Sua (Apology for His Life)" in response to the charge that Roman Catholicism was indifferent to the truth. It is an account of his spiritual development and regarded as both a religious autobiography and English prose. Newman also wrote "An Essay in Aid of a Grammar of Assent" (1870), and the novels "Loss and Gain" (1848), Callista" (1856) and "The Dream of Gerontius" (1865). Newman was elected an honorary fellow of Trinity College, Oxford, in 1877 and was made cardinal by Pope Leo XIII in 1879. He died on August 11, 1890.