This special issue of Key Engineering Materials journal is to communicate the latest progress and research of new theory, technology, method, equipment in materials processing and manufacturing automation technology field, and to grasp the forefront technological and research trends worldwide, which will drive international communication and cooperation of production, education and research in this field. The major topics covered by the special issue include Experience and Paper of Education in Special Machining Technology, Process Monitoring and Quality Control of Manufacturing Systems, Industrial Robot Technology, Agile Manufacturing, Intelligent Manufacturing, Green Manufacturing, Virtual Manufacturing, Networked Manufacturing, Computer Integrated Manufacturing System and Contemporary Integrated Manufacturing System, Product Lifecycle Management, Computerized Numerical Control System and Flexible Manufacturing System, Precision Machining Technology, CAD/CAE/CAPP/CAM and Application of Product Data Management, Logistics Engineering and Equipment and Other Related Topics and so on. The guest editors would like to thank the contributors of papers, the reviewers and the Key Engineering Materials journal for helping put together this special issue.