Ourika: An English Translation
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Based on a true story, Claire de Duras's Ourika relates the experiences of a Senegalese girl who is rescued from slavery and raised by an aristocratic French family during the time of the French Revolution. Brought up in a household of learning and privilege, she is unaware of her difference until she overhears a conversation that suddenly makes her conscious of her race--and of the prejudice it arouses. From this point on, Ourika lives her life not as a French woman but as a black woman who feels "cut off from the entire human race." As the Reign of Terror threatens her and her adoptive family, Ourika struggles with her unusual position as an educated African woman in eighteenth-century Europe.
A best-seller in the 1820s, Ourika captured the attention of Duras's peers, including Stendhal, and became the subject of four contemporary plays. The work represents a number of firsts: the first novel set in Europe to have a black heroine; the first French literary work narrated by a black female protagonist; and, as Fowles points out in the foreword to his translation, "the first serious attempt by a white novelist to enter a black mind."
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Born in 1777, Claire de Duras fled France after her father was executed during the French Revolution. In London, she married the duke of Durfort and of Duras, and they returned to France in 1808. Ourika, published anonymously in 1823, was one of five novels Duras had written the previous year; only two of them were published during her lifetime. She died in 1828.
John Fowles first published his translation of Ourika in a private edition in 1977. His many works of fiction include The Collector, The Ebony Tower, The Magus, The French Lieutenant's Woman, Daniel Martin, and A Maggot.
