Restoring Restraint: Enforcing Accountability for Users of Chemical Weapons

Rebecca K.C. Hersman · William Pittinos

Hul 2018 · Bloomsbury Publishing PLC

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In 2012, a 20-year moratorium on state employment of chemical weapons use was broken. Since then, there have been more than 200 uses, against civilians, military targets, and political enemies. These attacks have broken norms against the use of weapons of mass destruction and create a gap in the nonproliferation fabric—despite the robust international architecture of laws, treaties, agreements, and norms designed to restrain the proliferation and use of these weapons. Accountability for these recent attacks has been limited or nonexistent, which threatens the credibility of the nonproliferation regime and only encourages further use. Leaders must find the political and moral strength to use a full spectrum of tools to reestablish this system of restraint. By understanding the system—built on taboos, norms, deterrence, and a lack of benefits—and corresponding accountability approaches—military, legal, political, diplomatic, economic, and educational—leaders can utilize a menu of potential actions for building more diverse, flexible, scalable, and implementable options to hold accountable users of chemical weapons.

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Rebecca K.C. Hersman is director of the Project on Nuclear Issues and senior adviser with the International Security Program at CSIS. William Pittinos is a research associate with the Project on Nuclear Issues at CSIS.