Standard operating procedure for testing the susceptibility of adult sand flies to insecticides in WHO tube tests

World Health Organization

Juli 2023 · World Health Organization

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This document contains the standard operating procedure (SOP) for evaluating the susceptibility of adult sand fly vectors (Phlebotomus spp. and Lutzomyia longipalpis) to insecticides with the WHO tube test. Some species of sand flies are vectors of leishmaniases.
The SOP includes instructions on preparing materials, exposing sand flies, and recording and interpreting test results. This procedure should be followed to test the susceptibility of sand flies to insecticides that can be impregnated onto filter papers.
This SOP will fulfil the long-awaited need of vector-borne disease control programmes in health ministries in countries endemic for or at risk of visceral and cutaneous leishmaniasis, researchers and the pesticide industry to monitor insecticide resistance in wild populations of sand fly vectors.
It can be adapted to determine discriminating concentrations of new insecticide compounds with susceptible strains of sand fly vectors in laboratories.