This publication by the World Health Organization focuses on the development of a point-of-care diagnostic test for dermal leishmaniases, a neglected tropical disease causing chronic skin lesions. The book outlines the epidemiology of cutaneous and visceral leishmaniasis, emphasizing the need for early diagnosis to reduce morbidity and transmission. It addresses the limitations of current diagnostic methods, such as microscopy and molecular techniques, and highlights the importance of developing rapid, sensitive, and cost-effective tests. The document is intended for public health professionals, researchers, and policymakers involved in tropical disease management and aims to guide the creation of diagnostic tools that can be widely implemented in endemic regions.