About this ebook
The earliest recorded use of airway manipulation with an artificial device dates back to early Roman civilization when Asclepiades performed a tracheostomy for laryngeal edema. Today it is clear that the role of the endotracheal tube (ETT) in medicine is as invaluable as that of any other medical device created to date. The establishment of a definitive airway via the ETT in both elective and emergency situations has allowed for the delivery of immediate life-sustaining therapies during resuscitation, the maintenance of oxygenation and ventilation in prolonged illness, and the (temporary) delivery of inhaled anesthesia [1]. This chapter begins with a brief history of the development of the ETT. It describes the various ETTs available along with their indications for use and respective limitations. It reviews basic airway anatomy with regard to ETT placement, proper positioning and stabilization of the ETT, and complications attributed to its use. Finally, it addresses respiratory care of the intubated and mechanically ventilated patient.
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