Prior to the Joint Improvised Explosive Device Defeat Org. (JIEDDO) establishment in 2006, no single entity was responsible for coordinating DoD¿s counter-improvised explosive device (IED) efforts. JIEDDO was established to coordinate and focus all counter-IED efforts, including ongoing R&D, throughout DoD. This report assesses the extent to which: 1) capability gaps were initially identified in DoD's effort to defeat IEDs and how these gaps and other factors led to the development of JIEDDO; 2) JIEDDO has maintained visibility over all counter-IED efforts; 3) JIEDDO has coordinated the transition of JIEDDO-funded initiatives to the military services; and 4) JIEDDO has developed criteria for the counter-IED training initiatives it will fund. Illus.