์˜์–ด๊ณ ์ „350 ํ—จ๋ฆญ ์ž…์„ผ ์ „์ง‘ ์ œ2๊ถŒ{English Classics350 The Collected Works of Henrik Ibsen Vol. 02(of 11)}

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The eleven volumes of this edition contain all, save one, of the dramas which Henrik Ibsen himself admitted to the canon of his works. The one exception is his earliest, and very immature, tragedy, Catilina, first published in 1850, and republished in 1875. This play is interesting in the light reflected from the poetโ€™s later achievements, but has little or no inherent value. A great part of its interest lies in the very crudities of its style, which it would be a thankless task to reproduce in translation. Moreover, the poet impaired even its biographical value by largely rewriting it before its republication. He did not make it, or attempt to make it, a better play, but he in some measure corrected its juvenility of expression.

ย 

์ด ํŒ์˜ 11๊ถŒ์—๋Š” ํ—จ๋ฆญ ์ž…์„ผ ์ž์‹ ์ด ์ž์‹ ์˜ ์ž‘ํ’ˆ์˜ ํ‘œ์ค€์œผ๋กœ ์ธ์ •ํ•œ ๋“œ๋ผ๋งˆ ์ค‘ ํ•œ ๊ถŒ์„ ์ œ์™ธํ•˜๊ณ  ๋ชจ๋‘ ํฌํ•จ๋˜์–ด ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ํ•œ ๊ฐ€์ง€ ์˜ˆ์™ธ๋Š” 1850๋…„์— ์ฒ˜์Œ ์ถœํŒ๋˜๊ณ  1875๋…„์— ๋‹ค์‹œ ์ถœํŒ๋œ ๊ทธ์˜ ๊ฐ€์žฅ ์ดˆ๊ธฐ์˜ ๋งค์šฐ ๋ฏธ์„ฑ์ˆ™ํ•œ ๋น„๊ทน์ธ ์นดํƒˆ๋ฆฌ๋‚˜(Catilina)์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ด ํฌ๊ณก์€ ์‹œ์ธ์˜ ํ›„๊ธฐ ์—…์ ์— ๋ฐ˜์˜๋œ ๊ด€์ ์—์„œ ๋ณผ ๋•Œ ํฅ๋ฏธ๋กญ์ง€๋งŒ ๊ณ ์œ ํ•œ ๊ฐ€์น˜๋Š” ๊ฑฐ์˜ ๋˜๋Š” ์ „ํ˜€ ์—†์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๊ฒƒ์˜ ๊ด€์‹ฌ์˜ ํฐ ๋ถ€๋ถ„์€ ๊ทธ ์Šคํƒ€์ผ์˜ ๋งค์šฐ ์กฐ์žกํ•œ ๊ฒƒ์— ์žˆ์œผ๋ฉฐ, ๊ทธ๊ฒƒ์„ ๋ฒˆ์—ญ์œผ๋กœ ์žฌํ˜„ํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์€ ๊ฐ์‚ฌํ•  ์ผ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋”์šฑ์ด ์‹œ์ธ์€ ๋‹ค์‹œ ์ถœํŒ๋˜๊ธฐ ์ „์— ๊ทธ๊ฒƒ์„ ํฌ๊ฒŒ ๋‹ค์‹œ ์จ์„œ ์ „๊ธฐ์  ๊ฐ€์น˜๋งˆ์ € ํ›ผ์†ํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๋Š” ๊ทธ๊ฒƒ์„ ๋” ๋‚˜์€ ์—ฐ๊ทน์œผ๋กœ ๋งŒ๋“ค๊ฑฐ๋‚˜ ๋งŒ๋“ค๋ ค๊ณ  ์‹œ๋„ํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š์•˜์ง€๋งŒ ์–ด๋Š ์ •๋„ ํ‘œํ˜„์˜ ์ Š์Œ์„ ๊ต์ •ํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.

ย 

Which version, then, should a translator choose? To go back to the original would seem a deliberate disregard of the poetโ€™s wishes; while, on the other hand, the retouched version is clearly of far inferior interest. It seemed advisable, therefore, to leave the play alone, so far viiias this edition was concerned. Still more clearly did it appear unnecessary to include The Warriorโ€™s Barrow and Olaf Liliekrans, two early plays which were never admitted to any edition prepared by the poet himself. They were included in a Supplementary Volume of the Norwegian collected edition, issued in 1902, when Ibsenโ€™s life-work was over. They have even less intrinsic value than Catilina, and ought certainly to be kept apart from the works by which he desired to be remembered. A fourth youthful production, St. Johnโ€™s Night, remains to this day in manuscript. Not even German piety has dragged it to light.

ย 

๊ทธ๋ ‡๋‹ค๋ฉด ๋ฒˆ์—ญ๊ฐ€๋Š” ์–ด๋–ค ๋ฒ„์ „์„ ์„ ํƒํ•ด์•ผ ํ• ๊นŒ์š”? ์›๋ณธ์œผ๋กœ ๋Œ์•„๊ฐ€๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์€ ์‹œ์ธ์˜ ๋ฐ”๋žŒ์„ ์˜๋„์ ์œผ๋กœ ๋ฌด์‹œํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ฒ˜๋Ÿผ ๋ณด์ผ ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋ฐ˜๋ฉด์— ์ˆ˜์ •๋œ ๋ฒ„์ „์€ ๋ถ„๋ช…ํžˆ ํ›จ์”ฌ ์—ด๋“ฑํ•œ ๊ด€์‹ฌ ๋Œ€์ƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋”ฐ๋ผ์„œ ์ด ํŒ์— ๊ด€ํ•œ ํ•œ ์—ฐ๊ทน์„ ๊ทธ๋Œ€๋กœ ๋‘๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ด ๋ฐ”๋žŒ์งํ•ด ๋ณด์˜€์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์‹œ์ธ ์ž์‹ ์ด ์ค€๋น„ํ•œ ์–ด๋–ค ํŒ์—๋„ ์ธ์ •๋œ ์ ์ด ์—†๋Š” ๋‘ ๊ฐœ์˜ ์ดˆ๊ธฐ ํฌ๊ณก์ธ ์ „์‚ฌ์˜ ๋ฌด๋ค(Warrior's Barrow)๊ณผ ์˜ฌ๋ผํ”„ ๋ฆด๋ฆฌ์—ํฌ๋ž€์Šค(Olaf Liliekrans)๋ฅผ ํฌํ•จํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ด ๋” ๋ช…ํ™•ํ•˜๊ฒŒ ๋ถˆํ•„์š”ํ•ด ๋ณด์˜€์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๊ฒƒ๋“ค์€ ์ž…์„ผ์˜ ํ‰์ƒ ์ž‘์—…์ด ๋๋‚œ 1902๋…„์— ๋ฐœํ–‰๋œ ๋…ธ๋ฅด์›จ์ง€์•ˆ ์†Œ์žฅํŒ์˜ ๋ถ€๋ก์— ํฌํ•จ๋˜์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๊ฒƒ๋“ค์€ ์นดํ‹ธ๋ฆฌ๋‚˜๋ณด๋‹ค ํ›จ์”ฌ ๋œ ๋ณธ์งˆ์ ์ธ ๊ฐ€์น˜๋ฅผ ๊ฐ€์ง€๋ฉฐ, ๊ทธ๊ฐ€ ๊ธฐ์–ต๋˜๊ธฐ๋ฅผ ๋ฐ”๋ž๋˜ ์ž‘ํ’ˆ๋“ค๊ณผ ํ™•์‹คํžˆ ๋ถ„๋ฆฌ๋˜์–ด์•ผ ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋„ค ๋ฒˆ์งธ ์ Š์€ ์ž‘ํ’ˆ์ธ ์„ฑ ์š”ํ•œ์˜ ๋ฐค(St. John's Night)์€ ์˜ค๋Š˜๋‚ ๊นŒ์ง€ ์›๊ณ ๋กœ ๋‚จ์•„ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋…์ผ์˜ ์‹ ์‹ฌ์กฐ์ฐจ๋„ ๊ทธ๊ฒƒ์„ ๋น›์œผ๋กœ ๋Œ์–ด๋‚ด์ง€ ๋ชปํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.

ย 

With two exceptions, the plays appear in their chronological order. The exceptions are Loveโ€™s Comedy, which ought by rights to come between The Vikings and The Pretenders, and Emperor and Galilean, which ought to follow The League of Youth instead of preceding it. The reasons of convenience which prompted these departures from the exact order are pretty obvious. It seemed highly desirable to bring the two Saga Plays, if I may so call them, into one volume; while as for Emperor and Galilean, it could not have been placed between The League of Youth and Pillars of Society save by separating its two parts, and assigning Caesarโ€™s Apostasy to Volume V., The Emperor Julian to Volume VI.

ย 

๋‘ ๊ฐ€์ง€ ์˜ˆ์™ธ๋ฅผ ์ œ์™ธํ•˜๊ณ  ์—ฐ๊ทน์€ ์—ฐ๋Œ€์ˆœ(chronological order)์œผ๋กœ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ํ—ฌ๊ฒ”๋ž€ํŠธ์˜ ๋ฐ”์ดํ‚น(Vikings)๊ณผ ํ”„๋ ˆํ…๋”(The Pretenders), ๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ํ™ฉ์ œ์™€ ๊ฐˆ๋ฆด๋ฆฌ์ธ(Emperor and Galilean) ์‚ฌ์ด์— ๋ผ์–ด๋“œ๋Š” ๊ถŒ๋ฆฌ๋ฅผ ๊ฐ€์ ธ์•ผ ํ•˜๋Š” ๋Ÿฌ๋ธŒ ์ฝ”๋ฉ”๋””(Love 's Comedy)์€ ์˜ˆ์™ธ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ํ™ฉ์ œ์™€ ๊ฐˆ๋ฆด๋ฆฌ์ธ(Emperor and Galilean)์€ ์ฒญ๋…„๋™๋งน(League of Youth)์— ์•ž์„œ์ง€ ์•Š๊ณ  ๋”ฐ๋ผ์•ผ ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ •ํ™•ํ•œ ์ˆœ์„œ์—์„œ ์ถœ๋ฐœํ•˜๊ฒŒ ๋œ ํŽธ์˜์˜ ์ด์œ ๋Š” ๊ฝค ๋ช…๋ฐฑํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ํ™ฉ์ œ์™€ ๊ฐˆ๋ฆด๋ฆฌ์ธ(Emperor and Galilean)์˜ ๊ฒฝ์šฐ ๋‘ ํŽธ์˜ ์‚ฌ๊ฐ€๊ทน์„ ํ•œ ๊ถŒ์œผ๋กœ ๋‚˜๋ˆ„๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ด ๋งค์šฐ ๋ฐ”๋žŒ์งํ•ด ๋ณด์˜€์ง€๋งŒ, ํ™ฉ์ œ์™€ ๊ฐˆ๋ฆด๋ฆฌ์ธ(Emperor and Galilean)์˜ ๊ฒฝ์šฐ ๋‘ ๋ถ€๋ถ„์œผ๋กœ ๋‚˜๋ˆ„๊ณ  ์นด์ด์‚ฌ๋ฅด์˜ ๋ฐฐ์‹ (Caesarโ€™s Apostasy)๋ฅผ 5๊ถŒ ์œจ๋ฆฌ์šฐ์Šค ํ™ฉ์ œ(The Emperor Julian)์— ํ• ๋‹นํ•จ์œผ๋กœ์จ ์ฒญ๋…„๋™๋งน(League of Youth)๊ณผ ์‚ฌํšŒ์˜ ๊ธฐ๋‘ฅ๋“ค(Pillars of Society) ์‚ฌ์ด์— ๋†“์ผ ์ˆ˜๋Š” ์—†์—ˆ์„ ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.

ย 

For the translations of all the plays in this ixedition, except Loveโ€™s Comedy and Brand, I am ultimately responsible, in the sense that I have exercised an unrestricted right of revision. This means, of course, that, in plays originally translated by others, the merits of the English version belong for the most part to the original translator, while the faults may have been introduced, and must have been sanctioned, by me. The revision, whether fortunate or otherwise, has in all cases been very thorough.

ย 

๋Ÿฌ๋ธŒ ์ฝ”๋ฉ”๋””(Love 's Comedy)์™€ ๋ธŒ๋žœ๋“œ๋ฅผ ์ œ์™ธํ•œ ๋ณธ ํŽธ์— ์ˆ˜๋ก๋œ ๋ชจ๋“  ํฌ๊ณก์˜ ๋ฒˆ์—ญ์€ ๋ฌดํ•œํ•œ ์ˆ˜์ •๊ถŒ์„ ํ–‰์‚ฌํ–ˆ๋‹ค๋Š” ์ ์—์„œ ์ตœ์ข… ์ฑ…์ž„์€ ๋ณธ์ธ์—๊ฒŒ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋ฌผ๋ก  ์ด๊ฒƒ์€ ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ์ด ์›๋ž˜ ๋ฒˆ์—ญํ•œ ํฌ๊ณก์—์„œ ์˜์–ด ๋ฒ„์ „์˜ ์žฅ์ ์ด ๋Œ€๋ถ€๋ถ„ ์› ๋ฒˆ์—ญ์ž์—๊ฒŒ ์†ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ๊ฒฐํ•จ์ด ๋„์ž…๋˜์—ˆ์„ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๊ณ  ๋‚˜์— ์˜ํ•ด ์Šน์ธ๋˜์—ˆ์„ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Œ์„ ์˜๋ฏธํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ฐœ์ •์€ ์šด์ด ์ข‹๋“  ๊ทธ๋ ‡์ง€ ์•Š๋“  ๋ชจ๋“  ๊ฒฝ์šฐ์— ๋งค์šฐ ์ฒ ์ €ํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.

ย 

In the Introductions to previous editions I have always confined myself to the statement of biographical and historic facts, holding criticism no part of my business. Now that Henrik Ibsen has passed away, and his works have taken a practically uncontested place in world-literature, this reticence seemed no longer imposed upon me. I have consequently made a few critical remarks on each play, chiefly directed towards tracing the course of the poetโ€™s technical development. Nevertheless, the Introductions are still mainly biographical, and full advantage has been taken of the stores of new information contained in Ibsenโ€™s Letters, and in the books and articles about him that have appeared since his death. I have prefixed to xiiLady Inger of ร–strรฅt a sketch of the poetโ€™s life down to the date of that play; so that the Introductions, read in sequence, will be found to form a pretty full record of a career which, save for frequent changes of domicile, and the issuing of play after play, was singularly uneventful.

ย 

์ด์ „ ํŒ์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ์†Œ๊ฐœ์—์„œ ๋‚˜๋Š” ํ•ญ์ƒ ์ „๊ธฐ ๋ฐ ์—ญ์‚ฌ์  ์‚ฌ์‹ค์˜ ์ง„์ˆ ์—๋งŒ ๊ตญํ•œ๋˜์–ด ๋น„ํŒ์„ ๋‚ด ์ผ์˜ ์ผ๋ถ€๋กœ ์ƒ๊ฐํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š์•˜์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ด์ œ ํ—จ๋ฆญ ์ž…์„ผ์ด ์„ธ์ƒ์„ ๋– ๋‚ฌ๊ณ  ๊ทธ์˜ ์ž‘ํ’ˆ์ด ์„ธ๊ณ„ ๋ฌธํ•™์—์„œ ๊ฑฐ์˜ ๋…ผ์Ÿ์˜ ์—ฌ์ง€๊ฐ€ ์—†๋Š” ์ž๋ฆฌ๋ฅผ ์ฐจ์ง€ํ–ˆ๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์— ์ด๋Ÿฌํ•œ ๊ณผ๋ฌตํ•จ์€ ๋” ์ด์ƒ ๋‚˜์—๊ฒŒ ๊ฐ•์š”๋˜์ง€ ์•Š๋Š” ๊ฒƒ ๊ฐ™์•˜์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋”ฐ๋ผ์„œ ๋‚˜๋Š” ๊ฐ ํฌ๊ณก์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ์ฃผ๋กœ ์‹œ์ธ์˜ ๊ธฐ์ˆ ์  ๋ฐœ์ „ ๊ณผ์ •์„ ์ถ”์ ํ•˜๋Š” ๋ฐ ๋ช‡ ๊ฐ€์ง€ ๋น„ํŒ์ ์ธ ์–ธ๊ธ‰์„ ํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๋Ÿผ์—๋„ ๋ถˆ๊ตฌํ•˜๊ณ  ์„œ๋ฌธ์€ ์—ฌ์ „ํžˆ โ€‹โ€‹์ฃผ๋กœ ์ „๊ธฐ์ด๋ฉฐ ์ž…์„ผ์˜ ํŽธ์ง€์™€ ๊ทธ์˜ ์‚ฌํ›„์— ๋“ฑ์žฅํ•œ ๊ทธ์— ๊ด€ํ•œ ์ฑ…๊ณผ ๊ธฐ์‚ฌ์— ํฌํ•จ๋œ ์ƒˆ๋กœ์šด ์ •๋ณด์˜ ์ €์žฅ์†Œ๋ฅผ ์ตœ๋Œ€ํ•œ ํ™œ์šฉํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋‚˜๋Š” ์˜ค์ŠคํŠธ๋ผํŠธ์˜ ๋ ˆ์ด๋”” ์ž‰๊ฑฐ(Lady Inger of Ostrat)์—๊ฒŒ ๊ทธ ํฌ๊ณก ๋‚ ์งœ๊นŒ์ง€์˜ ์‹œ์ธ์˜ ์‚ถ์˜ ์Šค์ผ€์น˜๋ฅผ ์ ‘๋‘์‚ฌ๋กœ ๋ถ™์˜€์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ ์ˆœ์„œ๋Œ€๋กœ ์ฝ๋Š” ์„œ๋ก ์€ ๋นˆ๋ฒˆํ•œ ๊ฑฐ์ฃผ์ง€ ๋ณ€๊ฒฝ๊ณผ ํ”Œ๋ ˆ์ด ํ›„ ํ”Œ๋ ˆ์ด๋ฅผ ์ œ์™ธํ•˜๊ณ ๋Š” ๊ทธ๋‹ค์ง€ ์‚ฌ๊ฑด์ด ์—†์—ˆ๋˜ ๊ฒฝ๋ ฅ์˜ ๊ฝค ์™„์ „ํ•œ ๊ธฐ๋ก์„ ํ˜•์„ฑํ•œ๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„ ์•Œ๊ฒŒ ๋  ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.




-๋ชฉ์ฐจ(Index)-

ํ”„๋กค๋กœ๊ทธ(Prologue). ํ…Œ๋งˆ์—ฌํ–‰์‹ ๋ฌธ TTN Korea ์˜์–ด๊ณ ์ „(English Classics) 999์„ ์„ ์ฝ์–ด์•ผ ํ•˜๋Š” 7๊ฐ€์ง€ ์ด์œ 

์กฐ๋ช…ํ™” ํŽธ์ง‘์žฅ์˜ 17๊ฐ€์ง€ ํ‚ค์›Œ๋“œ๋กœ ์ฝ๋Š” ํ—จ๋ฆญ ์ž…์„ผ(Henrik Ibsen)

01. ์‚ฌ์‹ค์ฃผ์˜์˜ ์•„๋ฒ„์ง€(the Father of Realism)

02. ํ—จ๋ฆญ ์ž…์„ผ์ด ๊ณ ํ–ฅ ๋…ธ๋ฅด์›จ์ด๋ฅผ ๋– ๋‚˜, 28๋…„๊ฐ„ ๋Œ์•„์˜ค์ง€ ์•Š์€ ์ด์œ ๋Š”?

03. ๋…ธ๋ฅด์›จ์ด์—์„œ ํ—จ๋ฆญ ์ž…์„ผ์„ ๋งŒ๋‚˜๋Š” 5๊ฐ€์ง€ ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•

04. ํ•ด๋Ÿด๋“œ ๋ธ”๋ฃธ(Harold Bloom)ไฝœ ์„œ๊ตฌ๋ฌธํ•™์ •์ „(The Western Canon)(1994)

05. ์ธํ˜•์˜ ์ง‘ ์žํ•„ ์›๊ณ (Henrik Ibsen : A Dollโ€™s House) ์„ธ๊ณ„๊ธฐ๋ก์œ ์‚ฐ(UNESCO Memory-of-the-World Program)(2001)

06. ํ—จ๋ฆญ ์ž…์„ผ ์„œ๊ฑฐ 100์ฃผ๋…„(2006)

07. ์ธํ˜•์˜ ์ง‘(A Doll's House, Et dukkehjem)(1879)

07-1. ์ธํ˜•์˜ ์ง‘(A Doll's House)์€ ํŽ˜๋ฏธ๋‹ˆ์ฆ˜?!

07-2. ์ธํ˜•์˜ ์ง‘(A Doll's House)์€ ์„ธ๊ณ„์—์„œ ๊ฐ€์žฅ ์†ํŽธ์ด ๋งŽ์€ ํฌ๊ณก?!

07-3. ์„ธ๊ณ„์—์„œ ๊ฐ€์žฅ ๋งŽ์ด ๊ณต์—ฐ๋œ ์ž‘ํ’ˆ(the world's most performed play)(2006)

07-4. ๋งˆ์˜ค์ฉŒ๋‘ฅ(ๆฏ›ๆพคๆฑ, ๋ชจํƒ๋™)์˜ 4๋ฒˆ์งธ ์•„๋‚ด ์žฅ์นญ(ๆฑŸ้’)์€ ์ธํ˜•์˜ ์ง‘ ์—ฐ๊ทน๋ฐฐ์šฐ?!

08. ์œ ๋ น(Ghosts, Gengangere)(1881)

09. ๋ฏผ์ค‘์˜ ์ (An Enemy of the People, En folkefiende)(1882)

10. ๋ฐ”๋‹ค์—์„œ ์˜จ ์—ฌ์ธ(The Lady from the Sea, Fruen fra havet)(1888)

11. ํ—ค๋‹ค ๊ฐ€๋ธ”๋ ˆ๋ฅด(Hedda Gabler)(1890)

12. ์˜ค๋””์˜ค๋ถ(Audio Books)์œผ๋กœ ๋“ฃ๋Š” ํ—จ๋ฆญ ์ž…์„ผ(Henrik Ibsen)

13. ํ—จ๋ฆญ ์ž…์„ผ(Henrik Ibsen) ์–ด๋ก(Quotes)(83)

ํ—จ๋ฆญ ์ž…์„ผ ์ „์ง‘ ์ œ2๊ถŒ{The Collected Works of Henrik Ibsen Vol. 02(of 11)}(1906)

General Preface

Introduction to โ€œThe Vikings at Helgelandโ€

Introduction to โ€œThe Pretendersโ€

ํ—จ๋ฆญ ์ž…์„ผ์˜ ํ—ฌ๊ฒ”๋ž€ํŠธ์˜ ๋ฐ”์ดํ‚น(The Vikings of Helgeland: The Prose Dramas Of Henrik Ibsen, Vol. III.)(1858)

VH-Characters

VH-THE VIKINGS OF HELGELAND

VH-Act First

VH-Act Second

VH-Act Third

VH-Act Fourth

ํ—จ๋ฆญ ์ž…์„ผ์˜ ํ”„๋ฆฌํ…๋”(The Pretenders by Henrik Ibsen)(1863)

TP-Characters

TP-The Pretenders

TP-Act First

TP-Act Second

TP-Act Third

TP-Act Fourth

TP-Act Fifth

TP-Notes

๋ถ€๋ก(Appendix). ์„ธ๊ณ„์˜ ๊ณ ์ „์„ ์—ฌํ–‰ํ•˜๋Š” ํžˆ์น˜ํ•˜์ด์ปค๋ฅผ ์œ„ํ•œ ์•ˆ๋‚ด์„œ(The Hitchhikerโ€™s Guide to Worldsโ€™s Classics)

A01. ํ•˜๋ฒ„๋“œ ์„œ์ (Harvard Book Store) ์ง์› ์ถ”์ฒœ ๋„์„œ 100์„ (Staffโ€™s Favorite 100 Books) & ํŒ๋งค๋„์„œ 100์œ„(Top 100 Books)

A02. ์„œ์šธ๋Œ€ ๊ถŒ์žฅ๋„์„œ 100

A03. ์—ฐ์„ธํ•„๋…๋„์„œ ๊ณ ์ „ 200์„ 

A04. ๊ณ ๋ ค๋Œ€ํ•™๊ต ์„ธ์ข…์บ ํผ์Šค ๊ถŒ์žฅ๋„์„œ 100์„ 

A05. ์„œ์šธ๋Œ€, ์—ฐ์„ธ๋Œ€, ๊ณ ๋ ค๋Œ€ ๊ณตํ†ต ๊ถŒ์žฅ๋„์„œ 60๊ถŒ

A06. ์„ฑ๊ท ๊ด€๋Œ€ํ•™๊ต ์˜ค๊ฑฐ์„œ(ไบ”่ปŠๆ›ธ) ์„ฑ๊ท  ๊ณ ์ „ 100์„ 

A07. ๊ฒฝํฌ๋Œ€ ํ›„๋งˆ๋‹ˆํƒ€์Šค ์นผ๋ฆฌ์ง€(Humanitas College) ๊ต์–‘ํ•„๋…์„œ 100์„ 

A08. ํฌ์Šคํ…(ํฌํ•ญ๊ณต๋Œ€) ๊ถŒ์žฅ๋„์„œ 100์„ 

A09. ์นด์ด์ŠคํŠธ(KAIST) ๋…์„œ๋งˆ์ผ๋ฆฌ์ง€์ œ ์ถ”์ฒœ๋„์„œ 100๊ถŒ

A10. ๋ฌธํ•™์ƒ ์ˆ˜์ƒ์ž‘ ๋ฐ ์ถ”์ฒœ๋„์„œ(44)

A11. ์˜์–ด๊ณ ์ „(English Classics) ์˜ค๋””์˜ค๋ถ์„ ๋ฌด๋ฃŒ๋กœ ๋“ฃ๋Š” 5๊ฐ€์ง€ ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•(How to listen to FREE audio Books legally?)

A12. ์˜ํ™”ยท๋“œ๋ผ๋งˆ๋กœ ๋งŒ๋‚˜๋Š” ์˜์–ด๊ณ ์ „(Movies And TV Shows Based on English Classic Books)

ํ…Œ๋งˆ์—ฌํ–‰์‹ ๋ฌธ TTN Korea ์˜์–ด๊ณ ์ „(English Classics) 999์„ 

ํ…Œ๋งˆ์—ฌํ–‰์‹ ๋ฌธ TTN Korea ๋„์„œ๋ชฉ๋ก(1,196)




ํ…Œ๋งˆ์—ฌํ–‰์‹ ๋ฌธ TTN Korea ์˜์–ด๊ณ ์ „(English Classics) 999์„ 

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ํ…Œ๋งˆ์—ฌํ–‰์‹ ๋ฌธ TTN Korea ์˜์–ด๊ณ ์ „(English Classics) 999์„ ์€ ๋” ์ด์ƒ์˜ ์„ค๋ช…์ด ํ•„์š” ์—†์„ ์ •๋„๋กœ ์œ ๋ช…ํ•œ ๊ณ ์ „ ๋ช…์ž‘ ์ค‘์—์„œ๋„ ๋Œ€์ค‘์„ฑ์„ ๊ฒธ๋น„ํ•œ ๋ฒ ์ŠคํŠธ์…€๋Ÿฌ๋ฅผ ์—„์„ ํ•ด ์„ ์ •ํ•˜์˜€์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋˜ํ•œ ๋…์ž๋“ค์˜ ๋ˆˆ๊ณผ ๊ท€๋ฅผ ๋™์‹œ์— ๋งŒ์กฑ์‹œํ‚ฌ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋„๋ก ์˜์–ด๊ณ ์ „(English Classics)๊ณผ ์„ธ๊ณ„ ์ตœ๋Œ€ ๋ฌด๋ฃŒ ๋„๋ฉ”์ธ ์˜ค๋””์˜ค๋ถ(free public domain audioBooks) ๋ฆฌ๋ธŒ๋ฆฌ๋ณต์Šค(LibriVox) ์˜ค๋””์˜ค๋ถ ๋งํฌ๋ฅผ ๋„์„œ๋ณ„๋กœ ์ฒจ๋ถ€ํ•˜์˜€์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ํ…Œ๋งˆ์—ฌํ–‰์‹ ๋ฌธ TTN Korea ์กฐ๋ช…ํ™” ํŽธ์ง‘์žฅ์˜ โ€˜OO๊ฐ€์ง€ ํ‚ค์›Œ๋“œ๋กœ ์ฝ๋Š” ์ž‘๊ฐ€ & ์ž‘ํ’ˆโ€™ ์ด์•ผ๊ธฐ์™€ ํ•จ๊ป˜ ์ˆ˜๋ฐฑ ๋…„์˜ ์„ธ์›”์—๋„ ๋ณ€์น˜ ์•Š๋Š” ๊ณ ์ „๊ฑธ์ž‘์˜ ๊ฐ๋™์„ ๋‹ค์‹œ ํ•œ๋ฒˆ ํ™•์ธํ•ด ๋ณด์‹œ๊ธฐ ๋ฐ”๋ž๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ํ…Œ๋งˆ์—ฌํ–‰์‹ ๋ฌธ TTN Korea ์˜์–ด๊ณ ์ „(English Classics)๊ณผ ํ•จ๊ป˜ ์–ด์ œ๋„, ์˜ค๋Š˜๋„, ๋‚ด์ผ๋„ ๋ฉ‹์ง„ ๋ฌธํ•™๊ธฐํ–‰์„! B

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ํ—จ๋ฆญ ์ž…์„ผ ์ฝœ๋ ‰์…˜(Henrik Ibsen Collection)(21)

์˜์–ด๊ณ ์ „008 ํ—จ๋ฆญ ์ž…์„ผ์˜ ์ธํ˜•์˜ ์ง‘

English Classics008 A Doll's House by Henrik Ibsen

์˜์–ด๊ณ ์ „334 ํ—จ๋ฆญ ์ž…์„ผ์˜ ํ—ค๋‹ค ๊ฐ€๋ธ”๋ ˆ๋ฅด

English Classics334 Hedda Gabler by Henrik Ibsen

์˜์–ด๊ณ ์ „335 ํ—จ๋ฆญ ์ž…์„ผ์˜ ๋ฏผ์ค‘์˜ ์ 

English Classics335 An Enemy of the People by Henrik Ibsen

์˜์–ด๊ณ ์ „336 ํ—จ๋ฆญ ์ž…์„ผ์˜ ์œ ๋ น

English Classics336 Ghosts by Henrik Ibsen

์˜์–ด๊ณ ์ „337 ํ—จ๋ฆญ ์ž…์„ผ์˜ ๋ฐ”๋‹ค์—์„œ ์˜จ ์—ฌ์ธ

English Classics337 The Lady from the Sea by Henrik Ibsen

์˜์–ด๊ณ ์ „338 ํ—จ๋ฆญ ์ž…์„ผ์˜ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ ์ฃฝ์€ ์ž๋“ค์ด ๊นจ์–ด๋‚  ๋•Œ

English Classics338 When We Dead Awaken by Henrik Ibsen

์˜์–ด๊ณ ์ „339 ํ—จ๋ฆญ ์ž…์„ผ์˜ ๊ฑด์ถ•๊ฐ€ ์†”๋„ค์Šค

English Classics339 The Master Builder by Henrik Ibsen

์˜์–ด๊ณ ์ „340 ํ—จ๋ฆญ ์ž…์„ผ์˜ ๋กœ์Šค๋ฉ”๋ฅด์Šคํ™€๋ฆ„

English Classics340 Rosmersholm by Henrik Ibsen

์˜์–ด๊ณ ์ „341 ํ—จ๋ฆญ ์ž…์„ผ์˜ ์‚ฌํšŒ์˜ ๊ธฐ๋‘ฅ๋“ค

English Classics341 Pillars of Society by Henrik Ibsen

์˜์–ด๊ณ ์ „342 ํ—จ๋ฆญ ์ž…์„ผ์˜ ์ž‘์€ ์•„์ด์šœํ”„

English Classics342 Little Eyolf by Henrik Ibsen

์˜์–ด๊ณ ์ „343 ํ—จ๋ฆญ ์ž…์„ผ์˜ ์ดˆ๊ธฐ ๊ฐ๋ณธ - ์นดํ‹ธ๋ฆฌ๋‚˜, ์ „์‚ฌ์˜ ๋ฌด๋ค, ์˜ฌ๋ผํ”„ ๋ฆด์˜ˆํฌ๋ž€์Šค

English Classics343 Early Plays โ€” Catiline, the Warrior's Barrow, Olaf Liljekrans by Henrik Ibsen

์˜์–ด๊ณ ์ „344 ํ—จ๋ฆญ ์ž…์„ผ์˜ ์กด ๊ฐ€๋ธŒ๋ฆฌ์—˜ ๋ณดํฌ๋งŒ

English Classics344 John Gabriel Borkman by Henrik Ibsen

์˜์–ด๊ณ ์ „345 ํ—จ๋ฆญ ์ž…์„ผ์˜ ๋Ÿฌ๋ธŒ ์ฝ”๋ฉ”๋””

English Classics345 Love's Comedy by Henrik Ibsen

์˜์–ด๊ณ ์ „346 ํ—จ๋ฆญ ์ž…์„ผ์˜ ํ—ฌ๊ฒ”๋ž€ํŠธ์˜ ๋ฐ”์ดํ‚น

English Classics346 The Vikings of Helgeland: The Prose Dramas Of Henrik Ibsen, Vol. III.

์˜์–ด๊ณ ์ „347 ํ—จ๋ฆญ ์ž…์„ผ์˜ ์†”ํ•˜์šฐ๊ทธ์˜ ํ–ฅ์—ฐ

English Classics347 The Feast at Solhoug by Henrik Ibsen

์˜์–ด๊ณ ์ „348 ํ—จ๋ฆญ ์ž…์„ผ์˜ ์˜ค์ŠคํŠธ๋ผํŠธ์˜ ๋ ˆ์ด๋”” ์ž‰๊ฑฐ

English Classics348 Lady Inger of Ostrat: Henrik Ibsen's Prose Dramas Vol III

์˜์–ด๊ณ ์ „349 ํ—จ๋ฆญ ์ž…์„ผ ์ „์ง‘ ์ œ1๊ถŒ

English Classics349 The Collected Works of Henrik Ibsen, Vol. 01(of 11)

์˜์–ด๊ณ ์ „350 ํ—จ๋ฆญ ์ž…์„ผ ์ „์ง‘ ์ œ2๊ถŒ

English Classics350 The Collected Works of Henrik Ibsen Vol. 02(of 11)

์˜์–ด๊ณ ์ „351 ํ—จ๋ฆญ ์ž…์„ผ ์ „์ง‘ ์ œ3๊ถŒ

English Classics351 The Collected Works of Henrik Ibsen Vol. 03(of 11)

์˜์–ด๊ณ ์ „352 ํ—จ๋ฆญ ์ž…์„ผ ์ „์ง‘ ์ œ4๊ถŒ

English Classics352 The Collected Works of Henrik Ibsen Vol. 04(of 11)

์˜์–ด๊ณ ์ „353 ํ—จ๋ฆญ ์ž…์„ผ ์ „์ง‘ ์ œ5๊ถŒ

English Classics353 The Collected Works of Henrik Ibsen Vol. 05(of 11)

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ํ…Œ๋งˆ์—ฌํ–‰์‹ ๋ฌธ TTN Theme Travel News Korea๋Š” 2012๋…„๋ถ€ํ„ฐ ํ˜„์žฌ๊นŒ์ง€ 1,000์ข… ์ด์ƒ์˜ ์ฝ˜ํ…์ธ ๋ฅผ ๊ธฐํš ๋ฐ ์ถœ๊ฐ„ํ•œ ์—ฌํ–‰ ์ „๋ฌธ ๋””์ง€ํ„ธ ์ฝ˜ํ…์ธ  ํผ๋ธ”๋ฆฌ์…”(Digital Contents Publisher)์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋‹ค์–‘ํ•œ ๋ถ„์•ผ์˜ ์ „๋ฌธ์ž‘๊ฐ€์™€ ํ•จ๊ป˜ ์‹ ๊ฐœ๋… ์—ฌํ–‰ ๊ฐ€์ด๋“œ๋ถ ์›์ฝ”์Šค(1 Course), ํฌํ† ์—์„ธ์ด ์›๋”ํ’€(Onederful), ์—ฌํ–‰์—์„ธ์ด ๋ณ„ ํ—ค๋Š” ๋ฐค(Counting the Stars at Night) ๋“ฑ ์ „ ์„ธ๊ณ„๋ฅผ ์•„์šฐ๋ฅด๋Š” ๋ถ„์•ผ๋ณ„ ์—ฌํ–‰ ์ฝ˜ํ…์ธ ๋ฅผ ์ •๊ธฐ์ ์œผ๋กœ ๋ฐœํ–‰ํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋” ๋‚˜์•„๊ฐ€ ์ธ๋ฌธ ๊ต์–‘์„œ ์ง€์‹์˜ ๋ฐฉ์ฃผ(Knowledgeโ€™s Ark)์™€ ็Ÿฅ์˜ ๋ฐ”์ด๋ธ”(Bible of Knowledge), ์‹ค์šฉ์„œ ์›์ƒท(1 Shot)๊ณผ IT๋กœ์ผ“(IT Rocket) ๋“ฑ ์ƒˆ๋กœ์šด ๋ถ„์•ผ์™€ ์—ฌํ–‰์˜ ์ฝœ๋ผ๋ณด์—๋„ ์ง€์†์ ์œผ๋กœ ๋„์ „ํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ตญ๋‚ด ์ตœ๊ณ  & ์ตœ๋‹ค ์—ฌํ–‰ ์ฝ˜ํ…์ธ  ๋””์ง€ํ„ธ ํผ๋ธ”๋ฆฌ์…” ํ…Œ๋งˆ์—ฌํ–‰์‹ ๋ฌธ TTN Korea(๋ฐฉ์†ก๋Œ€ ๊ธฐ๋„ค์Šค์ƒ 2017 โ€˜์ตœ๋‹ค ์ถœ๊ฐ„ ๋ฐ ์ตœ๋‹ค ์ž๊ฒฉ์ฆโ€™ ์ˆ˜์ƒ)์™€ ํ•จ๊ป˜ ์–ด์ œ๋„, ์˜ค๋Š˜๋„, ๋‚ด์ผ๋„ ๋ฉ‹์ง„ ์—ฌํ–‰์„!

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ํ—จ๋ฆญ ์ž…์„ผ(Henrik Ibsen)

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์‚ฌ์‹ค์ฃผ์˜์˜ ์•„๋ฒ„์ง€(the Father of Realism) : ํ—จ๋ฆญ ์š”ํ•œ ์ž…์„ผ(Henrik Johan Ibsen), ์ผ๋ช… ํ—จ๋ฆญ ์ž…์„ผ(Henrik Ibsen)์€ ์กฐ์ง€ ๋ฒ„๋‚˜๋“œ ์‡ผ(George Bernard Shaw), ์•„์„œ ์• ์…” ๋ฐ€๋Ÿฌ(Arthur Asher Miller), ์œ ์ง„ ๊ธ€๋ž˜๋“œ์Šคํ„ด ์˜ค๋‹(Eugene Gladstone O'Neill), ์˜ค์Šค์นด ์™€์ผ๋“œ(Oscar Wilde), ์ œ์ž„์Šค ์˜ค๊ฑฐ์Šคํ‹ด ์•จ๋กœ์ด์…”์Šค ์กฐ์ด์Šค(James Augustine Aloysius Joyce) ๋“ฑ๊ณผ ํ•จ๊ป˜ 19์„ธ๊ธฐ ์ตœ๊ณ ์˜ ๊ทน์ž‘๊ฐ€ ์ค‘ ํ•œ ๋ช…์œผ๋กœ ๊ผฝํžˆ๋Š” ๊ฑฐ์žฅ์œผ๋กœ, 1950๋…„ ์นดํƒˆ๋ฆฐ(Catiline)๋ถ€ํ„ฐ 1899๋…„ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ ์ฃฝ์€ ์ž๋“ค์ด ๊นจ์–ด๋‚  ๋•Œ(When We Dead Awaken, Nรฅr vi dรธde vaagner)๊นŒ์ง€ ํ‰์ƒ 20์—ฌ ํŽธ์˜ ์ž‘ํ’ˆ์„ ๊พธ์ค€ํžˆ ๋ฐœํ‘œํ•˜์˜€์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋…ธ๋ฅด์›จ์ด ํƒœ์ƒ์ด์ง€๋งŒ, 27๋…„๊ฐ„ ๊ณ ๊ตญ์„ ๋– ๋‚˜ ์ดํƒˆ๋ฆฌ์•„์™€ ๋…์ผ ๋“ฑ ์œ ๋Ÿฝ์— ๋จธ๋ฌผ๋ฉฐ ์ž‘ํ’ˆ ํ™œ๋™์„ ํ•˜์˜€์„ ์ •๋„๋กœ ๋ฐฉ๋ž‘๋ฒฝ์ด ์žˆ๋Š” ์ธ๋ฌผ์ด๊ธฐ๋„ ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.

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ํŠนํžˆ ํ˜„๋Œ€๊ทน์˜ ์ฐฝ์‹œ์ž(the founders of modernism) ํ˜น์€ ์‚ฌ์‹ค์ฃผ์˜์˜ ์•„๋ฒ„์ง€(the father of realism)๋ผ ๋ถˆ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ๊ฑธ์ž‘์„ ๋‹ค์ˆ˜ ์„ ๋ณด์˜€์œผ๋ฉฐ, ๋Œ€ํ‘œ์ž‘ ์ธํ˜•์˜ ์ง‘(A Doll's House, Et dukkehjem)์œผ๋กœ ์œ ๋ช…ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ธํ˜•์˜ ์ง‘์€ ํ˜„์žฌ๊นŒ์ง€๋„ ์„ธ๊ณ„ ๊ณณ๊ณณ์—์„œ ๊ณต์—ฐ ์ค‘์ธ ์ธ๊ธฐ์ž‘์ด์ž, ๋ฌธ์ œ์ž‘์œผ๋กœ ํŽ˜๋ฏธ๋‹ˆ์ฆ˜์„ ์ฃผ์ œ๋กœ ํ•œ ํฌ๊ณก์˜ ํšจ์‹œ๋กœ ๊ผฝํž™๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ธํ˜•์˜ ์ง‘(A Doll's House, Et dukkehjem)์„ ๋น„๋กฏํ•œ ์œ ๋ น(Ghosts, Gengangere)(1881), ๋ฏผ์ค‘์˜ ์ (An Enemy of the People, En folkefiende)(1882)์€ ์ž…์„ผ์˜ ๋‹ค์–‘ํ•œ ์ž‘ํ’ˆ ์ค‘์—์„œ๋„ โ€˜์‚ฌํšŒ๊ทน 3๋ถ€์ž‘โ€™์ด๋ผ ๊ผฝํžˆ๋Š” ๊ฑธ์ž‘์œผ๋กœ ์ธ์ •๋ฐ›๊ณ  ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋น„๋ก ๋…ผ๋ž€๋„ ์ปธ์ง€๋งŒ, ์‚ด์•„ ์ƒ์ „ ๋Œ€์ค‘์ ์ธ ์ธ๊ธฐ๋ฅผ ๋ˆ„๋ ธ์œผ๋ฉฐ, 1902๋…„๋ถ€ํ„ฐ 1904๋…„๊นŒ์ง€ 3๋…„ ์—ฐ์†์œผ๋กœ ๋…ธ๋ฒจ ๋ฌธํ•™์ƒ ํ›„๋ณด๋กœ ์ง€๋ช…๋˜์—ˆ์œผ๋‚˜ ์ˆ˜์ƒํ•˜์ง€๋Š” ๋ชปํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋™์‹œ๋Œ€ ํ™œ๋™ํ•œ ๋…ธ๋ฅด์›จ์ด์˜ ์†Œ์„ค๊ฐ€ ๊ฒธ ๊ทน์ž‘๊ฐ€ ๋น„์—๋ฅธ์Šคํ‹ฐ์—๋ฅด๋„ค ๋งˆ๋ฅดํ‹ฐ๋ˆ„์Šค ๋น„์—๋ฅธ์†(Bjรธrnstjerne Martinus Bjรธrnson)์ด 1903๋…„ ๋…ธ๋ฒจ๋ฌธํ•™์ƒ์„ ์ˆ˜์ƒํ•œ ๊ฒƒ์— ๋น„ํ•˜๋ฉด, ๋ช…์„ฑ์— ๋น„ํ•ด ์ƒ๋ณต์ด ์—†๋Š” ํŽธ์ด๋„ค์š”...

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ํ—จ๋ฆญ ์ž…์„ผ์ด ๊ณ ํ–ฅ ๋…ธ๋ฅด์›จ์ด๋ฅผ ๋– ๋‚˜, 28๋…„๊ฐ„ ๋Œ์•„์˜ค์ง€ ์•Š์€ ์ด์œ ๋Š”? : ํ—จ๋ฆญ ์ž…์„ผ์€ 1864๋…„, 36์„ธ์˜ ๋‚˜์ด๋กœ ์ดํƒˆ๋ฆฌ์•„ ๋กœ๋งˆ๋กœ ๋– ๋‚˜, ๋ฌด๋ ค 28๋…„์ด๋‚˜ ์ดํƒˆ๋ฆฌ์•„์™€ ๋…์ผ ๋“ฑ์—์„œ ๋จธ๋ฌผ๋ฉฐ ์ž‘ํ’ˆ ํ™œ๋™์„ ํ•˜์˜€์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋‹น์‹œ ๋ด๋งˆํฌ๊ฐ€ ๋…์ผ, ์˜ค์ŠคํŠธ๋ฆฌ์•„์™€ ์ „์Ÿ์„ ํ•  ๋•Œ ๋…ธ๋ฅด์›จ์ด๊ฐ€ ์šฐ๋ฐฉ๊ตญ์œผ๋กœ์จ ์ฐธ์ „ํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š์€ ๊ฒƒ์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ๋ถˆ๋งŒ์ด ์ง์ ‘์ ์ธ ๊ณ„๊ธฐ์ด์ง€๋งŒ, ๋ชฐ๋ฝํ•œ ๊ฐ€์ •์—์„œ ์–ด๋ ต์‚ฌ๋ฆฌ ์ž๋ผ๋ฉฐ ๊ณ ๊ตญ์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ๊ทธ๋ฆฌ ์• ์ •์„ ๋Š๋ผ์ง€ ๋ชปํ•ด์˜จ ๊ฒƒ๋„ ์˜ํ–ฅ์„ ๋ฏธ์ณค์„ ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ทธ์˜ ๋Œ€ํ‘œ์ž‘ ์ธํ˜•์˜ ์ง‘(A Doll's House, Et dukkehjem)(1879)๋Š” 51์„ธ์— ๋ฐœํ‘œํ•œ ์ž‘ํ’ˆ์œผ๋กœ ํ™˜๊ฐ‘์ด ๋„˜์€ 1891๋…„์ด ๋˜์–ด์„œ์•ผ ๊ท€ํ–ฅํ•˜์˜€์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ดํ›„์—๋Š” ๋™๋งฅ ๊ฒฝํ™”์ฆ์„ ๋น„๋กฏํ•ด 1906๋…„ ์‚ฌ๋งํ•˜๊ธฐ๊นŒ์ง€ ๊ฐ์ข… ๋ณ‘์„ธ์— ์‹œ๋‹ฌ๋ ธ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ฆ‰ โ€˜๊ทน์ž‘๊ฐ€โ€™๋กœ์จ์˜ ํ—จ๋ฆญ ์ž…์„ผ์˜ ์ปค๋ฆฌ์–ด๋Š” ๋Œ€๋ถ€๋ถ„ โ€˜๊ณ ๊ตญ ๋…ธ๋ฅด์›จ์ด ๋ฐ–์—์„œโ€™ ์Œ“์€ ์…ˆ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๊ฐ€ ๋…ธ๋ฅด์›จ์ด๋ฅผ ๋– ๋‚œ ์ด์œ ๋Š” ๊ณ ๊ตญ์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ๋ฐ˜๊ฐ๋„ ํฌํ•จ๋˜์–ด ์žˆ๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์—, ์ •๋ถ€๋กœ์จ๋Š” ๊ทธ์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ์ž…์žฅ์ด ์ข‹์„ ์ˆ˜ ๋งŽ์€ ์—†์—ˆ๋Š”๋ฐ์š”... ๊ทธ๋Ÿฌ๋‚˜, ์ „ ์œ ๋Ÿฝ์„ ๋„˜์–ด์„œ ์„ธ๊ณ„์— ๋…ธ๋ฅด์›จ์ด๋ฅผ ์•Œ๋ฆฐ ๊ทธ์˜ ๊ณต๋กœ๋ฅผ ์ธ์ •ํ•ด, ๋…ธ๋ฅด์›จ์ด ์ •๋ถ€๋Š” ๊ทธ์˜ ์žฅ๋ก€์‹์„ ๊ตญ์žฅ(ๅœ‹่‘ฌ)์œผ๋กœ ์น˜๋ €์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.

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๋…ธ๋ฅด์›จ์ด์—์„œ ํ—จ๋ฆญ ์ž…์„ผ์„ ๋งŒ๋‚˜๋Š” 5๊ฐ€์ง€ ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ• : ๋…ธ๋ฅด์›จ์ด ์ˆ˜๋„ ์˜ค์Šฌ๋กœ๋Š” ํ—จ๋ฆญ ์ž…์„ผ์˜ ๋ฐ•๋ฌผ๊ด€๊ณผ ๊ทธ๊ฐ€ ๋ฌปํžŒ ๋ฌ˜๋น„, ๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ๊ทธ์˜ ์ž‘ํ’ˆ์„ ์†Œ์žฅํ•œ ๋…ธ๋ฅด์›จ์ด ๊ตญ๋ฆฝ๋„์„œ๊ด€(Nasjonalbiblioteket)์ด ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. 1906๋…„ ํ—จ๋ฆญ ์ž…์„ผ์ด ์‚ฌ๋งํ•œ์ง€ ํ•œ ์„ธ๊ธฐ๊ฐ€ ํ๋ฅธ 2001๋…„, ์œ ๋„ค์Šค์ฝ”๋Š” ์ธํ˜•์˜ ์ง‘ ์žํ•„ ์›๊ณ (Henrik Ibsen : A Dollโ€™s House)๋ฅผ ์„ธ๊ณ„๊ธฐ๋ก์œ ์‚ฐ์œผ๋กœ ๋“ฑ์žฌํ•˜์˜€์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ด๋Š” 1878๋…„ ์ดํƒˆ๋ฆฌ์•„ ๋กœ๋งˆ์—์„œ ์ง‘ํ•„ํ•œ ๊ฒƒ์œผ๋กœ, ํ˜„์žฌ ๋…ธ๋ฅด์›จ์ด ๊ตญ๋ฆฝ๋„์„œ๊ด€(Nasjonalbiblioteket)์ด ์†Œ์žฅํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์˜ค์Šฌ๋กœ ๊ณต์›๋ฌ˜์ง€ Old Aker Cemetery(Gamle Aker kirkegรฅrd)์— ๊ทธ์˜ ๋ฌ˜๋น„๊ฐ€ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ํ™”๊ฐ€ ์—๋“œ๋ฐ”๋ฅด ๋ญ‰ํฌ(Edvard Munch), ์Œ์•…๊ฐ€ ์š”์•„ํ‚ด ๋‹์Šจ(Joachim Nielsen) ๋“ฑ ์˜ค์Šฌ๋กœ์˜ ์œ ๋ช…์ธ์ด ๋ชจ์—ฌ ์žˆ๋Š” ์žฅ์†Œ์ด๊ธฐ๋„ ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์˜ค์Šฌ๋กœ ๋‚จ์„œ์ชฝ์— ์œ„์น˜ํ•œ ํ…”๋ ˆ๋งˆ๋ฅดํฌ์ฃผ์˜ ์ฃผ๋„ ์‹œ์—”(Skien)์—๋„ ์˜ค์Šฌ๋กœ์— ๋น„ํ•ด ๊ทœ๋ชจ๋Š” ์ž‘์ง€๋งŒ ํ—จ๋ฆญ ์ž…์„ผ์˜ ๋ฐ•๋ฌผ๊ด€(Henrik Ibsen Museum)๊ณผ ๊ทธ์˜ ๋™์ƒ์ด ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์‹œ์—”์€ ๊ทธ๊ฐ€ ๋ถ€์œ ํ•œ ์ƒ์ธ์˜ ์ž์ œ๋กœ ํƒœ์–ด๋‚œ ์ถœ์ƒ์ง€์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.

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ํ•ด๋Ÿด๋“œ ๋ธ”๋ฃธ(Harold Bloom)ไฝœ ์„œ๊ตฌ๋ฌธํ•™์ •์ „(The Western Canon)(1994) : ๋ฏธ๊ตญ ๋ฌธํ•™ํ‰๋ก ๊ฐ€ ํ•ด๋Ÿด๋“œ ๋ธ”๋ฃธ(Harold Bloom)์€ 1994๋…„ ์ถœ๊ฐ„ํ•œ ์„œ๊ตฌ๋ฌธํ•™์ •์ „(The Western Canon)์„ ํ†ตํ•ด ๋‹จํ…Œ๋ถ€ํ„ฐ ์‚ฌ๋ฎˆ์—˜ ๋ฒ ์ผ€ํŠธ๊นŒ์ง€ 26๋ช…์˜ ์ž‘๊ฐ€์™€ ์ž‘ํ’ˆ์„ ์‹œ๋Œ€์ˆœ์œผ๋กœ ์†Œ๊ฐœํ•˜์˜€์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋‹จ ์…ฐ์ต์Šคํ”ผ์–ด๋Š” ์˜ˆ์™ธ์ ์œผ๋กœ 1๋ฒˆ์œผ๋กœ ์†Œ๊ฐœํ•˜์˜€์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์„œ๊ตฌ๋ฌธํ•™์ •์ „(The Western Canon)์—์„œ ํ—จ๋ฆญ ์ž…์„ผ์€ 17๋ฒˆ์งธ ์ž‘๊ฐ€๋กœ ๋“ฑ์žฅํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ํ•ด๋Ÿด๋“œ ๋ธ”๋ฃธ์€ 2003๋…„ โ€˜์ธ๋ฅ˜ ์—ญ์‚ฌ์ƒ ๊ฐ€์žฅ ์ฐฝ์˜์ ์ธ ์–ธ์–ด์  ์ฒœ์žฌ 100๋ช…(Genius-A Mosaic of One Hundred Exemplary Creative Minds)โ€™์„ ์„ ๋ณ„ํ•ด ์ถœ๊ฐ„ํ•˜์˜€์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ํžˆ๋ธŒ๋ฆฌ์–ด๋กœ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•ด ๋ชฉ์ฐจ๋ฅผ 10๊ฐœ๋กœ ๋ถ„๋ฅ˜ํ•˜์˜€์œผ๋ฉฐ, ํ—จ๋ฆญ ์ž…์„ผ์€ ์ œ3์žฅ ๋น„๋‚˜ BINAH ์‚ฌ์œ  ๋Šฅ๋ ฅํŽธ์— ๋“ฑ์žฅํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ผ€ํ…Œ๋ฅด KETER ์™•๊ด€, ํ˜ธํฌ๋งˆ HOKMAH ์ง€ํ˜œ, ๋น„๋‚˜ BINAH ์‚ฌ์œ  ๋Šฅ๋ ฅ, ํ—ค์„ธ๋“œ HESED ์„ฑ์•ฝ่–็ด„์˜ ์‚ฌ๋ž‘, ๋”˜ DIN ์—„์ค‘ํ•œ ์‹ฌํŒ, ํ‹ฐํŽ˜๋ › TIFERET ์•„๋ฆ„๋‹ค์›€, ๋„ค์ž NEZAH ์‹ ์˜ ์Šน๋ฆฌ, ํ˜ธ๋“œ HOD ์œ„์—„, ์˜ˆ์†Œ๋“œ YESOD ๊ทผ๋ณธ, ๋ง์ฟ ํŠธ MALKHUT ์™•๊ตญ.ย 

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Mรกs de ํ—จ๋ฆญ ์ž…์„ผ(Henrik Ibsen)

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